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with greatest difficulty

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1 ἀκριβής

ἀκρῑβ-ής, ές,

A exact, accurate, precise, E.El. 367, etc.; σημεῖον Th.1.10
; δίαιτα Hp.Aph.1.4
; τριταῖος returning precisely at its time, Id.Epid.1.24; γαλήνη complete calm, Jul. Or.1.25c.

II of persons, precise, strict, δικασταί Th.3.46
; ἐπίσκοποι Pl.Lg. 762d
; δεινὸς καὶ ἀ. Lys.7.12
; ἀ. τοῖς ὄμμασι sharp- sighted, Theoc.22.194; of arguments, Ar.Nu. 130; ἀ. μουσική E. Supp. 906
, etc.; τὸ ἀ., = ἀκρίβεια, Hp.VM9; τὸ πάνυ ἀ. Th.6.18
: freq.in Adv. - βῶς to a nicety, precisely, ἀ. εἰδέναι, ἐπίστασθαι, καθορᾶν, μαθεῖν, etc., Hdt.7.32, etc.; ἀ. οἶσθα A.Pr. 330
; opp. ἁπλῶς, Isoc.5.46; opp. τύπῳ (in outline, roughly), Arist.EN 1104a2: [comp] Comp. - έστερον Pl.R. 436c
, Act.Ap.18.26: [comp] Sup. - έστατα Pl.R. 484c
; ἀ. καὶ μόλις with greatest difficulty, Plu.Alex.16:—also οὐκ εἰς ἀκριβὲς ἦλθες at the right moment, E.Tr. 901.

2 in the strict sense of the word, ὁ ἀ. ἰατρός Pl.R. 342d
; ὁτῷἀ. λόγῳ ἰατρός ib. 341c.

b pure-bred, genuine, Κόλ χος Eun.Hist.p.263D.

c Astron., true, opp. φαινόμενος, Procl. Hyp.4.31.

3 parsimonious, stingy, ἀ. τοὺς τρόπους Men.235
. Adv. -βῶς, διαιτᾶσθαι And.4.32
.—Rare exc. in [dialect] Att., mostly Prose. (The sense points to ἄκρος as the first part of the word, but - ῑβης remains dub.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀκριβής
2 güçbela

with the greatest difficulty.

Saja Türkçe - İngilizce Sözlük > güçbela
3 zor

1. trouble, difficulty, worry, problem: Hiçbir zoru yok. He´s got nothing troubling him. 2. bodily ailment or disorder: Zekâvet´in aklından zoru var galiba. It looks like Zekâvet´s touched in the head. Hilmi´nin midesinden zoru var. Hilmi´s got a stomach complaint. 3. compulsion, constraint, obligation, necessity: Bunu yapmak zorunda değilim. I´m not obliged to do this. Ne zorun vardı bunu yapmaya? What made you feel obliged to do this? 4. physical violence or the threat of physical violence, force: Zoru görünce direnmekten vazgeçti. When threatened with force he stopped holding out. Beni zor kullanmaya mecbur etme! Don´t make me use force! 5. pressure, coercion (exerted upon a person´s mind): Onları ancak zor kullanarak hizaya getirebilirsin. The only way you can get them to fall into line is to pressure them. 6. difficult, hard. 7. with difficulty. 8. barely, just. Z-! You´re going to have some trouble doing that! (often said tauntingly). -la 1. by force, by main force. 2. by exerting pressure. - bela 1. with great difficulty, with the greatest of difficulty. 2. just barely. -unda bırakmak /ı/ to leave (someone) no choice but (to do something). -a dağlar dayanmaz. proverb Even the mighty yield when threatened with violence. -a düşmek to get in a difficult position, get in a tight spot, get in a bind. -a gelememek to be unable to stand stress, be unable to endure pressure. - gelmek /a/ (for something) to be difficult for (someone). -la güzellik olmaz. proverb If you try to bring something about by force, the results will be unsatisfactory. -unda kalmak to be left no choice but (to do something). -a koşmak /ı/ to make things difficult for (someone), make difficulties for (someone). - kullanmak to use force. -un ne? What´s making you (do something)?: Zorun ne ki beni öyle sorguya çekiyorsun? What´s making you give me the third degree like this? -unda olmak to have to, be obliged to (do something). - yaparsın! You´re going to have some trouble doing that (often said tauntingly). - zar see zar zor. -/-u zoruna 1. with very great difficulty, with the greatest of difficulty. 2. just barely.

Saja Türkçe - İngilizce Sözlük > zor
4 peine

peine [pεn]

feminine noun

   a. ( = chagrin) sorrow

• avoir de la peine to be sad

• faire de la peine à qn to upset sb

• avoir des peines de cœur to have an unhappy love life

• cela fait peine à voir it's sad to see that

• il faisait peine à voir he was a pitiful sight

   b. ( = effort) effort

• se donner de la peine pour faire qch to go to a lot of trouble to do sth

• donnez-vous la peine d'entrer please come in

• c'est peine perdue it's a waste of time

• on lui a donné 500 € pour sa peine he was given 500 euros for his trouble

► être or valoir la peine

• est-ce que c'est la peine d'y aller ? is it worth going?

• ce n'est pas la peine don't bother

• c'était bien la peine ! (ironic) after all that trouble!

• cela vaut la peine it's worth it

• cela ne vaut pas la peine d'en parler it's not worth mentioning

   c. ( = difficulté) difficulty

• j'ai peine à croire que... I find it hard to believe that...

• avec peine with difficulty

• sans peine without difficulty

• j'ai eu toutes les peines du monde à le convaincre I had a real job convincing him

• je serais bien en peine de vous le dire I'd be hard pushed (inf) to tell you

   d. ( = punition) punishment ; (Law) sentence

• peine capitale capital punishment

• peine de mort death sentence

• sous peine de mort on pain of death

• peine de prison prison sentence

• peine alternative or de substitution alternative sentence

• peine plancher minimum sentence

• « défense d'entrer sous peine de poursuites » "trespassers will be prosecuted"

   e. ► à peine hardly

• c'est à peine si on l'entend you can hardly hear him

• il est à peine 2 heures it's only just 2 o'clock

• il gagne à peine de quoi vivre he hardly earns enough to live on

• il était à peine rentré qu'il a dû ressortir he had only just got in when he had to go out again

* * *
pɛn
1.

nom féminin

1) ( chagrin) sorrow, grief

avoir de la peine — to feel sad ou upset

faire de la peine à quelqu'un — [personne] to hurt somebody; [événement, remarque] to upset somebody

il faisait peine à voir — he looked a sorry sight

cela faisait peine à voir — it was sad to see

2) ( effort) effort, trouble

c'est peine perdue — it's a waste of effort

en être pour sa peine — to waste one's time and effort

se donner de la peine pour faire — to go to a lot of trouble to do

il ne s'est même pas donné la peine de nous prévenir — he didn't even bother to tell us

donnez-vous or prenez la peine d'entrer — fml please do come in

il n'est pas au bout de ses peines — ( dans une situation pénible) his troubles are far from over; ( pour accomplir une tâche) he's still got a long way to go

se mettre en peine pour quelqu'un — to go out of one's way for somebody

ce n'est pas la peine de crier — ( c'est inutile) there's no point shouting; ( ton critique) there's no need to shout

est-ce vraiment la peine que je vienne? — do I really need to come?

ce n'est pas la peine d'aller voir ce film — that film's not worth seeing

c'était bien la peine! — what was the point!

ça en valait vraiment la peine — it was really worth it

concentrez vos efforts sur ce qui en vaut la peine — concentrate on worthwhile activities

pour la peine or ta/votre peine — ( en récompense) for your trouble

3) ( difficulté) difficulty

sans peine — easily

j'ai peine à le croire — I find it hard to believe

l'allemand sans peine — German without tears

il n'est pas en peine pour trouver du travail — he has no difficulty finding work

il serait bien en peine de te prêter de l'argent — he would be hard put to lend you any money

4) ( punition) gén punishment; Droit penalty, sentence

‘défense de fumer sous peine d'amende’ — ‘no smoking, offenders will be fined’

sous peine de perdre de l'argent — at the risk of losing money

pour la or ta peine — as punishment

2.

à peine locution adverbiale hardly, barely

une allusion à peine voilée — a thinly veiled allusion

c'est à peine si je l'ai reconnu — I hardly recognized him

il était à peine arrivé qu'il pensait déjà à repartir — no sooner had he arrived than he was thinking of leaving again

‘je n'étais pas au courant’ - ‘à peine (colloq)!’ — ( incrédulité) ‘I didn't know about it’ - ‘I don't believe it!’ ou ‘I don't buy that (colloq)!’

Phrasal Verbs:

- peine capitale

- peine de cœur

- peine de mort

* * *
pɛn nf
1) (= affliction) sorrow, sadness

faire de la peine à qn — to upset sb

Ça me fait de la peine de la voir pleurer. — It upsets me to see her crying.

comme une âme en peine — like a lost soul

2) (= effort) trouble

prendre la peine de faire qch — to go to the trouble of doing sth

Il a pris la peine de me rapporter ma valise. — He went to the trouble of returning my case to me.

se donner de la peine — to go to trouble

Il s'est donné beaucoup de peine pour obtenir ces renseignements. — He went to a lot of trouble to get this information.

mais peine perdue — but to no avail

en valoir la peine — to be worth it, to be worth the trouble

Cela n'en vaut pas la peine. — It isn't worth it.

valoir la peine de faire qch — to be worth doing sth

valoir la peine d'être vu — to be worth seeing

ce n'est pas la peine de le faire — there's no point doing it, it's not worth doing

Ce n'est pas la peine de téléphoner. — There's no point phoning.

Ce n'est pas la peine que vous veniez. — There's no point you coming., There's no point in your coming.

donnez-vous la peine d'entrer; veuillez vous donner la peine d'entrer — please come in

3) (= difficulté) (à voir, entendre, marcher) difficulty

avoir de la peine à faire — to have difficulty doing

avoir de la peine à faire qch — to have difficulty doing sth

J'ai eu beaucoup de peine à la convaincre. — I had a lot of trouble persuading her.

avoir toutes les peines du monde à faire qch — to have a terrible time doing sth

être à la peine — to be in trouble, to be in difficulties

être bien en peine de faire qch — to have considerable trouble doing sth

4) (= punition) punishment, DROIT sentence

une peine de prison — a prison sentence

sous peine de mort — on pain of death

défense d'afficher sous peine d'amende — billposters will be prosecuted

5) (autres locutions)

à peine [bouger] — hardly, [commencer] only just

J'ai à peine eu le temps de me changer. — I hardly had time to get changed.

Elle vient à peine de se lever. — She's only just got up.

à peine supérieur à — only just above

à peine supérieur à la moyenne — only just above average

des menaces à peine voilées — thinly veiled threats

à peine sorti du ventre de sa mère — barely out of his mother's belly, [animal] barely out of its mother's belly

c'est à peine si...; c'est à peine si elle m'a dit bonjour — she barely said hello to me

à peine... que; À peine venait-il d'emménager qu'il dut entreprendre des travaux. — He'd only just moved in when he had to start doing building work.

* * *

peine

A nf

1 ( chagrin) sorrow, grief; avoir de la peine to feel sad ou upset; faire de la peine à qn to hurt sb; ça me fait de la peine de le voir si triste it hurts me to see him so sad; tu leur as fait de la peine en leur disant ça you hurt their feelings when you said that; il faisait peine à voir he looked a sorry sight; cela faisait peine à voir it was sad to see;

2 ( effort) effort, trouble; c'est peine perdue it's a waste of effort; en être pour sa peine to waste one's time and effort; se donner de la peine pour faire to go to a lot of trouble to do; se donner or prendre la peine de faire to take the trouble to do; tu pourrais réussir si seulement tu te donnais la peine d'essayer you could succeed if only you tried ou if only you made the effort; il ne s'est même pas donné la peine de nous prévenir he didn't even bother to tell us; il a quand même pris la peine de te remercier/de venir he still took the trouble to thank you/to come; donnez-vous or prenez la peine d'entrer fml please do come in; il n'est pas au bout de ses peines ( dans une situation pénible) his troubles are far from over; ( pour accomplir une tâche) he's still got a long way to go; me voilà au bout de mes peines! ( dans une situation difficile) my troubles are over now; ( en finissant un travail) there, I've finished!; se mettre en peine pour qn to go out of one's way for sb('s sake); ce n'est pas la peine de crier, je ne suis pas sourd there's no need to shout, I'm not deaf; ce n'est pas la peine de te fâcher comme ça! there's no need to get so angry!; est-ce vraiment la peine que je vienne? do I really need to come?; ce n'est pas la peine d'aller voir ce film, il est nul there's no point in going to see that film, it's awful; ce n'est pas la peine qu'il se déplace, le bureau est fermé there's no point in him going, the office is closed; c'était bien la peine que je me donne tant de mal! I went to all that trouble for nothing!; c'est/c'était bien la peine! what's/what was the point!; c'était bien la peine de venir de si loin pour trouver porte close! what was the point of coming all this way to find nobody home!; ça en valait vraiment la peine it was really worth it; ce n'est pas la peine de faire un si long voyage pour un jour it's not worth travelling^GB so far just for one day; la pièce vaut la peine d'être vue the play is worth seeing; concentrez vos efforts sur ce qui en vaut la peine concentrate on worthwhile activities; cette idée vaut la peine d'être soumise à qn it's worth ou worthwhile submitting the idea to sb; pour la peine or ta/votre peine ( en récompense) for your trouble; tu m'as bien aidé, pour la peine je t'offre à boire you've been a great help to me, I'll buy you a drink for your trouble; ⇒ suffire;

3 ( difficulté) difficulty; sans peine easily; avec peine with difficulty; avoir or éprouver de la peine à faire to have difficulty doing, to find it hard to do; j'ai eu toutes les peines du monde à le persuader/à trouver la maison I had the greatest difficulty (in) persuading him/(in) finding the house; j'ai peine à le croire I find it hard to believe; l'allemand/le jardinage sans peine German/gardening without tears; il n'est pas en peine pour trouver du travail he has no difficulty finding work; être bien en peine de faire to be hard put to do; il serait bien en peine de te prêter de l'argent, il n'a pas un sou he would be hard put to lend you any money, he doesn't have a penny;

4 ( punition) gén punishment; Jur penalty, sentence; peine de prison prison sentence; une peine de cinq ans de prison a five-year prison sentence; ‘défense de fumer sous peine d'amende’ ‘no smoking, offenders will be fined’; ‘défense d'entrer sous peine de poursuites’ ‘trespassers will be prosecuted’; sous peine de mort on pain of death; sous peine de décevoir because of the risk of causing disappointment; sous peine de perdre de l'argent at the risk of losing money; pour la or ta peine ( comme punition) as punishment; pour la peine, tu feras la vaisselle as punishment, you'll do the dishes.

B à peine loc adv hardly, barely; tu pars déjà, il est à peine cinq heures! you're not leaving already? it's barely five o'clock; il est resté à peine une heure he stayed (for) barely an hour; on a à peine de quoi finir le mois we've barely ou hardly enough to get by on until the end of the month; une allusion à peine voilée a thinly veiled allusion; il gagne à peine 5 euros de l'heure he barely earns 5 euros an hour; c'est à peine si je l'ai reconnu I hardly recognized him; il a à peine touché à son assiette he hardly touched his food; il sait à peine lire he can hardly read; il tenait à peine debout he could hardly stand; c'est à peine si elle dit bonjour/répond quand on lui parle she barely says hello/replies if you speak to her; il exagère à peine! he's not really exaggerating!; à peine était-il arrivé or il était à peine arrivé qu'il pensait déjà à repartir no sooner had he arrived than he was thinking of leaving again; ‘je t'assure que je n'étais pas au courant’-‘à peine○!’ ( exprimant l'incrédulité) ‘I tell you I didn't know about it’-‘I don't believe it!’, ‘I don't buy that○!’

Composés

peine capitale Jur capital punishment; condamné à la peine capitale sentenced to death; peine de cœur heartache ¢; il a des peines de cœur his heart is aching; peine correctionnelle Jur penalty of two months to five years imprisonment; peine criminelle sentence for serious crime; peine incompressible Jur prison term with no provision for remission; peine de mort Jur death penalty; peine de police Jur penalty of one day to two months imprisonment; peine de substitution Jur alternative sentence.

[pɛn] nom féminin

A.

1. [châtiment] sentence, penalty

infliger une lourde peine à quelqu'un to pass a harsh sentence on somebody

peine correctionnelleimprisonment for between two months and five years, or a fine

peine criminelle imprisonment for more than five years

peine incompressible sentence without remission

peine infamante penalty involving loss of civil rights

la peine de mort capital punishment, the death penalty

peine de prison prison sentence

peine de prison avec sursis suspended (prison) sentence

2. RELIGION [damnation] damnation, suffering

B.

1. [tourment, inquiétude] trouble

faire peine à voir to be a sorry sight

peines de cœur heartache(s)

se mettre en peine pour quelqu'un (soutenu) to be extremely worried about somebody

‘Peines d'amour perdues’ Shakespeare ‘Love's Labours Lost’

2. [tristesse] sorrow, sadness, grief

il partageait sa peine he shared her grief

avoir de la peine to be sad ou upset

je ne voudrais pas lui faire de la peine en lui disant I wouldn't like to upset him by telling him

il me fait vraiment de la peine I feel really sorry for him

C.

1. [effort] effort, trouble

ce n'est pas la peine it's not worth it, it's pointless

ce n'est pas la peine de tout récrire/que tu y ailles there's no point writing it all out again/your going

c'était bien la peine que je mette une cravate! (ironique) it was a real waste of time putting a ou my tie on!

il s'est donné beaucoup de peine pour réussir he went to a lot of trouble to succeed

prendre ou se donner la peine de to go to ou to take the trouble to

donnez-vous la peine d'entrer please do come in, (please) be so kind as to come in (soutenu)

il ne s'est même pas donné la peine de répondre he didn't even bother replying

valoir la peine to be worth it

l'exposition vaut la peine d'être vue the exhibition is worth seeing

ne pas épargner ou ménager sa peine to spare no effort

peine perdue: n'essaie pas de le convaincre, c'est peine perdue don't try to persuade him, it's a waste of time ou you'd be wasting your breath

2. [difficulté]

avoir de la peine à: avoir de la peine à marcher to have trouble ou difficulty walking

avoir peine à (soutenu) : j'ai peine à vous croire I find it difficult ou hard to believe you

elle a eu toutes les peines du monde à venir à la réunion she had a terrible time ou the devil's own job getting to the meeting

être (bien) en peine de: je serais bien en peine de vous l'expliquer I'd have a hard job explaining it to you, I wouldn't really know how to explain it to you

n'être pas en peine pour (soutenu) : je ne suis pas en peine pour y aller it's no trouble for me to get there, I'll have no problem getting there

————————

à peine locution adverbiale

1. [presque pas] hardly, barely, scarcely

j'arrive à peine à soulever mon sac I can hardly ou barely lift my bag

elle sait à peine lire she can hardly ou barely read

c'est à peine si je l'ai entrevu I only just caught a glimpse of him

2. [tout juste] barely

il était à peine dix heures it was only just ten o'clock

il y a à peine une semaine/deux heures not quite a week/two hours ago, barely a week/two hours ago

elle gagne à peine de quoi payer son loyer she barely earns enough ou she only just earns enough to pay her rent

3. [à l'instant] just

4. [aussitôt]

à peine guérie, elle a repris le travail no sooner had she recovered than she went back to work

à peine... que: à peine était-elle couchée que le téléphone se mit à sonner no sooner had she gone to bed than ou she'd only just gone to bed when the phone rang

avec peine locution adverbiale

1. [difficilement] with difficulty

il monte l'escalier avec peine he has trouble climbing stairs

2. (soutenu) [à regret]

je vous quitte avec peine it is with deep regret that I leave you (soutenu)

————————

sans peine locution adverbiale

1. [aisément] without difficulty, easily

je suis arrivé à le faire en deux heures sans peine I had no trouble doing it in two hours

2. [sans regret] with no regrets, with a light heart

————————

sous peine de locution prépositionnelle

‘défense de fumer sous peine d'amende’ ‘smokers will be prosecuted’

sous peine de mort on pain of death

PEINE DE MORT

The death penalty was abolished in France in 1981.

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > peine
5 Mühe

f; -, -n trouble; (Anstrengung) effort; viel Mühe kosten cost a lot of effort; spar dir die Mühe you can save yourself the trouble; nur mit Mühe / mit Müh(e) und Not only with (great) difficulty; (gerade noch) just about; ( nicht) der oder die Mühe wert (not) worth the effort, (not) worth it; die Mühe lohnt sich it’s worth the effort; sich (Dat) Mühe geben (mit jemandem / etw.) go to great trouble ( oder pains) (over s.o. / s.th.); er müsste sich mehr Mühe geben he should make more of an effort ( oder try harder); gib dir doch etwas Mühe! (you could) make some sort of an effort!; sich (Dat) große Mühe geben oder machen zu (+ Inf.) go to great trouble ( oder pains) to (+ Inf.) sich (Dat) die Mühe machen zu (+ Inf.) go to the trouble of (+ Ger.) er machte sich nicht einmal die Mühe zu (+ Inf.) he couldn’t even be bothered to (+ Inf.) keine Mühe scheuen spare no effort oder pains (zu + Inf. in + Ger.); machen Sie sich keine Mühe! don’t go to any trouble; wenn es Ihnen keine Mühe macht if it’s no trouble (for you); alle oder seine ( liebe) Mühe haben, jemanden zu überreden have a hard time persuading s.o.; alle oder seine ( liebe) Mühe mit jemandem / etw. haben have no end of trouble with s.o. / s.th.

* * *

die Mühe

toil; trouble; effort; labor; labour

* * *
Mü|he ['myːə]
f -, -n
trouble; (= Anstrengung auch) effort; (= Arbeitsaufwand auch) bother
ohne Mǘhe — without any trouble or bother

nur mit Mǘhe — only just

mit Müh und Not (inf) — with great difficulty

unter (großen) Mǘhen — with a great deal of effort

er kann mit Müh und Not seinen Namen schreiben (inf) — he can just about write his name

alle/viel Mǘhe haben — to have a tremendous amount of/a great deal of trouble or bother (etw zu tun doing sth)

wenig/keine Mǘhe haben — not to have much trouble or bother (etw zu tun doing sth)

das ist mit einigen Mǘhen or einiger Mǘhe verbunden — that involves considerable effort

mit jdm/etw seine Mǘhe haben — to have a great deal of trouble or bother with sb/sth

or die Mǘhe wert, es lohnt die Mǘhe — it's worth the trouble or bother (etw zu tun of doing sth)

die kleine Mǘhe hat sich gelohnt — it was worth the little bit of trouble

etwas/mehr/keine Mǘhe geben — to take some/more/no trouble

große Mǘhe gegeben — he has taken great pains, he has taken a lot of trouble

die Mǘhe machen, etw zu tun — to take the trouble to do sth, to go to the trouble or bother of doing sth

nicht die Mǘhe machen, etw zu tun — not to take the trouble to do sth, not to bother to do sth

keine Mǘhe! — (please) don't go to any trouble or bother

sie hatte sich die Mǘhe umsonst gemacht — her efforts were wasted

jdm Mǘhe machen — to give sb some trouble or bother

wenn es Ihnen keine Mǘhe macht — if it isn't too much or any trouble or bother

viel Mǘhe auf etw (acc) verwenden — to take a lot of trouble or bother with sth

es hat viel Mǘhe gekostet — it took a great deal of trouble

verlorene Mǘhe — a waste of effort

* * *

die

1) (trouble or fuss: It's such a hassle to get to work on time: Travelling with children is such a hassle.) hassle

2) ((something which causes) worry, difficulty, work, anxiety etc: He never talks about his troubles; We've had a lot of trouble with our children; I had a lot of trouble finding the book you wanted.) trouble

* * *

Mü·he

<-, -n>

[ˈmy:ə]

f trouble

sich dat alle erdenkliche \Mühe geben to make every [imaginable] effort, to go to the greatest lengths [possible]

[für jdn] eine geringe \Mühe sein to be no bother [for sb]

[für jdn] eine große \Mühe sein to be a lot of trouble [or fam a big deal] [for sb]

verlorene \Mühe sein to be a waste of effort [or time]

der \Mühe wert sein [o lohnen] to be worth the trouble [or effort] [or it]

sich dat [große] \Mühe geben [o machen] [, etw zu tun] to take [great] pains [or make a[n] [great] [or the] effort] [to do sth]

sich dat keine \Mühe geben [o machen] [, etw zu tun] to make no effort [to do sth]

Sie brauchen sich keine \Mühe zu geben, mich vom Gegenteil zu überzeugen! there's no point trying to convince me otherwise!

er hat sich gar nicht erst \Mühe gegeben, es zu verleugnen he didn't even bother trying to deny it

geben Sie sich keine \Mühe, ich weiß bereits alles! save your breath, I already know everything

\Mühe haben, etw zu tun to have trouble [or difficulty] doing [or find it difficult to do] sth

mit jdm seine \Mühe haben to have [a lot of] trouble [or a hard time] with sb

[jdn] [einige/viel] \Mühe kosten to be [quite/very] hard work [or quite an effort/a real effort] [for sb]

etw lohnt die \Mühe sth is worth the trouble [or effort] [or it]

die \Mühe lohnt sich it is worth the trouble [or effort] [or it]

[jdm] \Mühe machen to give [sb] [some] trouble

sich dat die \Mühe machen, etw zu tun to take [or go to] the trouble [or make the effort] to do sth

machen Sie sich keine \Mühe! [please] don't go to any trouble!

sich dat die \Mühe schenken [o sparen] to save oneself the trouble

mit \Mühe verbunden sein to take a lot of effort

viel/einige/ziemliche \Mühe auf etw akk verwenden to put a lot/a fair amount/quite a lot of effort into sth

[nur] mit \Mühe with [great] difficulty

ohne \Mühe without any trouble

nicht ohne \Mühe erledigten wir die Aufgabe not without difficulty [or trouble] did we complete the task

ich könnte dir ohne \Mühe drei solche Typen nennen I could name you three people off the top of my head

mit \Mühe und Not (fam) only just

* * *

die; Mühe, Mühen trouble

alle Mühe haben, etwas zu tun — be hard put to do something

mit jemandem/etwas seine Mühe haben — have a lot of trouble or a hard time with somebody/something

keine Mühe scheuen — spare no pains or effort

sich (Dat.) viel Mühe machen — go to or take a lot of trouble ( mit over)

machen Sie sich [bitte] keine Mühe! — [please] don't put yourself out!; [please] don't bother!

es hat viel Mühe gekostet — it took much time and effort

sich (Dat.) Mühe geben — make an effort or take pains

sich (Dat.) mit jemandem/etwas Mühe geben — take [great] pains or trouble over somebody/something

gib dir keine Mühe! — you needn't bother

* * *

Mühe f; -, -n trouble; (Anstrengung) effort;

viel Mühe kosten cost a lot of effort;

spar dir die Mühe you can save yourself the trouble;

nur mit Mühe/mit Müh(e) und Not only with (great) difficulty; (gerade noch) just about;

(nicht) der oder

die Mühe wert (not) worth the effort, (not) worth it;

die Mühe lohnt sich it’s worth the effort;

sich (dat)

Mühe geben (mit jemandem/etwas) go to great trouble ( oder pains) (over sb/sth);

er müsste sich mehr Mühe geben he should make more of an effort ( oder try harder);

gib dir doch etwas Mühe! (you could) make some sort of an effort!;

sich (dat)

große Mühe geben oder

machen zu (+inf) go to great trouble ( oder pains) to (+inf)

sich (dat)

die Mühe machen zu (+inf) go to the trouble of (+ger)

er machte sich nicht einmal die Mühe zu (+inf) he couldn’t even be bothered to (+inf)

keine Mühe scheuen spare no effort oder pains (

zu +inf in +ger);

machen Sie sich keine Mühe! don’t go to any trouble;

wenn es Ihnen keine Mühe macht if it’s no trouble (for you);

alle oder

seine (liebe) Mühe haben, jemanden zu überreden have a hard time persuading sb;

alle oder

seine (liebe) Mühe mit jemandem/etwas haben have no end of trouble with sb/sth

* * *

die; Mühe, Mühen trouble

alle Mühe haben, etwas zu tun — be hard put to do something

mit jemandem/etwas seine Mühe haben — have a lot of trouble or a hard time with somebody/something

keine Mühe scheuen — spare no pains or effort

sich (Dat.) viel Mühe machen — go to or take a lot of trouble ( mit over)

machen Sie sich [bitte] keine Mühe! — [please] don't put yourself out!; [please] don't bother!

es hat viel Mühe gekostet — it took much time and effort

sich (Dat.) Mühe geben — make an effort or take pains

sich (Dat.) mit jemandem/etwas Mühe geben — take [great] pains or trouble over somebody/something

gib dir keine Mühe! — you needn't bother

* * *

-n f.

effort n.

trouble n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Mühe
6 grande

adj.

1 big, large.

este traje me está o me queda grande this suit is too big for me

un gran artista a great artist

el gran favorito the firm favorite

una gran figura a big name

una gran parte de mi trabajo implica… a large part of my job involves…

una gran responsabilidad a heavy responsibility

a lo grande in a big way, in style

grandes almacenes department store

gran angular (photography) wide-angle lens

Gran Bretaña Great Britain

el Gran Cañón the Grand Canyon

gran danés great Dane

gran éxito smash (hit) (disco, libro)

los Grandes Lagos the Great Lakes

la Gran Muralla (China) the Great Wall (of China)

el gran público the general public

gran superficie (commerce) hypermarket (peninsular Spanish)

2 old (de edad). (Mexican Spanish, River Plate)

3 fantastic(informal). ( River Plate)

4 magnus, Mag, magnum.

5 grand, formidable, majestical, stately.

m.

grandee (noble).

* * *

grande

► adjetivo

1 (tamaño) large, big

■ esta casa es demasiado grande para ellos dos this house is too big for the two of them

2 (fuerte, intenso) great

■ su partida les produjo una pena muy grande his departure caused them great sorrow

3 (mayor) grown-up, old, big

► nombre masculino

1 (de elevada jerarquía) great

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a lo grande on a grand scale, in a big way

estar grande una cosa a alguien to be too big on somebody

pasarlo en grande familiar to have a great time

vivir a lo grande figurado to live in style

Grande de España grandee Table 1 NOTA See also gran/Table 1

* * *

adj.

1) big

2) large

3) great

* * *

1. ADJ
( antes de sm sing gran)
1) [de tamaño] big, large; [de estatura] big, tall; [número, velocidad] high, great

viven en una casa muy grande — they live in a very big o large house

¿cómo es de grande? — how big o large is it?, what size is it?

los zapatos le están muy grandes — the shoes are too big for her

en cantidades más grandes — in larger o greater quantities

grandísimo — enormous, huge

un esfuerzo grandísimo — an enormous effort, a huge effort

un coche grandísimo — a whacking great car *

¡grandísimo tunante! — you old rogue!

el gran Buenos Aires — greater Buenos Aires

- a lo grande

hacer algo a lo grande — to do sth in style, make a splash doing sth *

vivir a lo grande — to live in style

- quedarle algo grande a algn

- pasarlo en grande

2) (=importante) [artista, hazaña] great; [empresa] big

un gran pintor — a great painter

un gran desastre — a great disaster

es una ventaja muy grande — it's a great advantage

hay una diferencia no muy grande — there is not a very big o great difference

los grandes bancos internacionales — the big international banks

las grandes empresas multinacionales — the big multinationals

la gran mayoría — the great majority

3) (=mucho, muy) great

con gran placer — with great pleasure

fueron grandes amigos — they were great friends

he sentido una gran pena — I felt very sad

me llevé una alegría muy grande — I felt very happy

comer con gran apetito — to eat hungrily

un mes de gran calor — a very hot month

un programa de gran éxito — a very successful programme

se estrenó con gran éxito — it was a great success, it went off very well

4) [en edad]
(=mayor)
ya eres grande, Raúl — you are a big boy now, Raúl

¿qué piensas hacer cuando seas grande? — what do you want to do when you grow up?

5)

¡qué grande! — Arg * how funny!

2. SMF

1) (=personaje importante)

los grandes de la industria — the major companies in the industry

uno de los grandes de la pantalla — one of the screen greats

los siete grandes — the Big Seven

Grande de España — grandee

2) LAm (=adulto) adult

3. SF

1) Arg [de lotería] first prize, big prize

2) And ** (=cárcel) clink **, jail

* * *
I
adjetivo [ gran is used before singular nouns]

1)

a) ( en dimensiones) large, big; <boca/nariz> big

un tipo grande — a big guy

b) ( en demasía) too big

me queda or me está grande — it's too big for me

quedarle grande a alguien — puesto/responsabilidad to be too much for somebody

2) ( alto) tall

qué grande está Andrés! — isn't Andrés tall!

3) (Geog)

el Gran Santiago — Greater Santiago

4) ( en edad)

los más grandes pueden ir solos — the older o bigger ones can go on their own

cuando sea grande — when I grow up

ya son grandes — they are all grown up now

5) (delante del n)

a) (notable, excelente) great

un gran hombre/vino — a great man/wine

b) ( poderoso) big

los grandes bancos — the big banks

los grandes señores feudales — the great feudal lords

a lo grande — in style

6)

a) (en intensidad, grado) great

me causó una gran pena — it caused me great sadness

un día de gran calor — a very hot day

me llevé un susto más grande...! — I got such a fright!

una gran explosión — a powerful explosion

es un gran honor — it is a great honor

una temporada de gran éxito — a very o a highly successful season

son grandes amigos — they're great friends

b) ( uso enfático)

eso es una gran verdad — that is absolutely true

eres un grandísimo sinvergüenza — you're a real swine (colloq)

qué mentira más grande! — that's a complete lie!

7)

a) ( en número) < familia> large, big; < clase> big

la gran parte or mayoría de los votantes — the great o vast majority of the voters

b) ( elevado)

a gran velocidad — at high o great speed

volar a gran altura — to fly at a great height

un edificio de gran altura — a very tall building

un gran número de personas — a large number of people

objetos de gran valor — objects of great value

en grande: lo pasamos en grande — we had a great time (colloq)

•

- grandes almacenes

- gran danés

- Gran Guerra

- gran ópera

- Gran Premio

- gran público
II
masculino, femenino

1) (de la industria, el comercio) big o leading name

2)

a) ( mayor)

quiero ir con los grandes — I want to go with the big boys/girls

la grande ya está casada — their eldest (daughter) is already married

b) ( adulto)

los grandes — the grown-ups

•

- Grande de España

* * *

= vast [vaster -comp., vastest -sup.], big [bigger -comp., biggest -sup.], bulky, considerable, deep [deeper -comp., deepest -sup.], extensive, great [greater -comp., greatest -sup.], heavy [heavier -comp., heaviest -sup.], high [higher -comp., highest -sup.], huge, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], large scale [large-scale], tremendous, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], goodly [goodlier -comp., goodliest -sup.], abysmal, heavyweight [heavy weight], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], of the highest order.

Ex. If you add to this other access points, such as collections housed in old people's homes or day centres, prisons, hospitals, youth clubs, playgroups etc the coverage is vast.

Ex. Fiction is a big item for children and also just for ordinary public library users.

Ex. Like all enumerative schedules, the LC schedules are bulky, extending to some 8000 pages.

Ex. The need to become familiar with different command languages for different hosts is a considerable barrier to effective retrieval.

Ex. The world's largest processing department's plans and policies are always of deep interest.

Ex. The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.

Ex. Clearly, great variations can be expected between different indexing languages for different databases.

Ex. In fact, the area was well served by a very good neighbourhood advice centre which had a heavy workload of advice and information-giving.

Ex. Lower specificity will be associated with lower precision but high recall.

Ex. A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.

Ex. Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.

Ex. It is in the development of such large-scale services that problems are seen most acutely.

Ex. There has been tremendous growth in libraries since then, but, fundamentally, it has been possible to build on the foundation that nineteenth-century heroes constructed.

Ex. The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.

Ex. However, we must not forget the book which the critics acclaim and which also sells in goodly numbers.

Ex. The major problem encountered in encouraging young adults to use public libraries is the abysmal lack of specialist young adult librarians = El principal problema que se encuentra para es incentivar a los jóvenes a usar las bibliotecas públicas es la enorme falta de bibliotecarios especialistas en temas relacionados con los adolescentes.

Ex. Heavyweight information technology firms such as IBM are appearing in the market and challenging traditional players.

Ex. In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.

Ex. I've got to tell you, and I do say this affectionately, but we're talking about a geek of the highest order.

----

* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.

* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.

* a gran velocidad = at great speed.

* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.

* armar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.

* a un gran coste = at (a) great expense.

* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.

* bastante grande = largish.

* calabacín grande = marrow, marrow squash.

* causar una gran sensación = make + a splash.

* causar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.

* causar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons, make + a splash.

* celebrar a lo grande = make + a song and dance about.

* con gran capacidad = capacious.

* con gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* con gran densidad de población = densely populated.

* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.

* con gran esplendor = grandly.

* con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.

* con gran motivación = highly-motivated.

* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.

* conseguir en gran medida + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.

* contribuir en gran medida a + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio, go far in + Gerundio, go far towards + Gerundio.

* con una gran cultura = well-read.

* con una gran diferencia = by a huge margin.

* con una gran tradición = long-standing.

* con un gran número de lectores = widely-read.

* con un gran suspiro = with a deep sigh.

* convertirse en un gran problema = grow to + a crisis.

* correr un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.

* crear con gran destreza = craft.

* dar un gran paso adelante = reach + milestone.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* demasiado grande = oversized.

* describir a grandes rasgos = paint + a broad picture.

* desplazarse grandes distancias = travel + long distances.

* ejercer una gran influencia en = play + a strong hand in.

* el gran hermano = big brother.

* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

* empresa de grandes derroches = high roller.

* en gran cantidad = prodigiously.

* en grandes cantidades = en masse, in good number, in bulk.

* en grandes números = in record numbers, in record numbers.

* en gran formato = oversize, oversized.

* en gran medida = by and large, extensively, greatly, heavily, largely, to a considerable extent, to a high degree, to a large extent, tremendously, vastly, very much, to a great extent, in no small way, to any great degree, in many ways, in large part, in large measure, in no small measure, to a large degree, to a great degree.

* en gran número = numerously.

* en gran parte = largely, in large part, in large measure, for the most part, to a great extent, to a great degree.

* en un gran aprieto = in dire straits.

* en un gran apuro = in dire straits.

* esperar una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.

* expresión típica de Gran Bretaña = Briticism.

* extra grande = extra-large.

* gestión de grandes extensiones para la cría de ganado = range management.

* gran altura = high altitude.

* gran aumento = heavy increase.

* gran bebedor = heavy drinker.

* gran belleza = scenic beauty.

* Gran Bretaña = Britain, Great Britain.

* gran calidad = high standard.

* gran cantidad de = large crop of, mass of.

* gran categoría = high standard.

* gran cosa = big deal.

* gran danés = Great Dane.

* Gran Depresión, la = Depression, the, Great Depression, the.

* grandes almacenes = department store.

* grandes cantidades de = storerooms of, huge numbers of, huge numbers of, great numbers of.

* grandes escritores, los = great imaginative writers, the.

* grandes robles nacen de pequeñas bellotas = great oaks from little acorns grow.

* grandes sumas de dinero = vast sums of money.

* grande superficie = shopping mall, shopping complex, shopping centre.

* grandes y pequeños = great and small.

* grande y tenebroso = cavernous.

* gran ducado = grand-duchy.

* gran espectáculo = extravaganza.

* gran extensión de tierra dedicada a la cría de animales de pasto = rangeland.

* gran grupo = constellation.

* gran mentira = big fat lie.

* gran nivel = high standard.

* gran número de = great numbers of.

* gran pantalla de televisión = large-screen television.

* gran parte = much.

* gran parte de = much of.

* gran peso = heavy weight.

* gran placer = great pleasure.

* gran potencia = great power.

* gran salto adelante = giant leap, great leap forward.

* gran tiburón blanco = great white shark.

* gran titular = headline banner.

* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.

* hacer grandes progresos = make + great strides.

* hacer un gran esfuerzo = go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo.

* hacer un gran negocio = make + a killing.

* IGE (Integración a Gran Escala) = LSI (Large Scale Integration).

* influir en gran medida = become + a force.

* jaula grande para pájaros = aviary.

* jugador de grandes apuestas = high roller.

* la Gran Manzana = the Big Apple.

* la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.

* levantar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.

* llevarse una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.

* lo suficientemente grande = large enough, big enough.

* más grande = greater.

* muy grande = big time.

* Nombre + a gran escala = broad scale + Nombre.

* no ser gran cosa = not add up to much, add up to + nothing.

* no ser una gran pérdida = be no great loss.

* no significar gran cosa = not add up to much.

* no suponer gran cosa = not add up to much.

* no valer gran cosa = be no great shakes.

* pago único y bien grande = fat lump sum.

* para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.

* pasarlo a lo grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.

* pasarlo en grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.

* pasárselo en grande = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.

* Pedro el Grande = Peter the Great.

* pensar a lo grande = think + big.

* Pie Grande = Bigfoot, Sasquatch.

* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.

* producir con gran destreza = craft.

* provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.

* provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.

* que le presta gran importancia a la cultura = culture-conscious.

* recorrer grandes distancias = travel + long distances.

* revista que tiene una gran demanda popular = mass-market journal.

* ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.

* ser de gran beneficio para = be of great benefit to.

* ser una gran ayuda = be a tower of strength.

* ser un gran alivio = be a welcome relief.

* ser un gran apoyo = be a tower of strength.

* ser un gran avance = be half the battle.

* ser un gran paso adelante = be half the battle.

* taza grande = mug.

* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.

* tener gran éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.

* tener gran importancia = be of high significance.

* tener gran repercusión = be far reaching.

* tener una gran tradición = have + a long ancestry.

* tener un gran impacto = have + a big impact.

* tomar un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.

* una gran cantidad de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a large degree of, a mass of, a plethora of, a supply of, a vast amount of, a city of, a wealth of, a sea of, a cascade of, an army of, a good many, a huge number of, a great number of, a multitude of, scores of, a host of, a vast corpus of, a whole host of.

* una gran cantidad y variedad de = a wealth and breadth of.

* una gran diversidad de = a wide range of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of.

* una gran experiencia = a wealth of experience.

* una gran extensión de = a sea of.

* una gran gama de = a wide range of, a rich tapestry of, a wide band of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.

* una gran mayoría de = a large proportion of.

* una gran parte de = a broad population of, a lion's share of.

* una gran pérdida = a great loss.

* una gran proporción de = a large proportion of.

* una gran variedad de = a wide range of, a multiplicity of, a rich tapestry of, a plurality of, a broad variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.

* un gran espectro de = a wide band of.

* un gran número de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a plethora of, a wide range of, a full roster of, a fair number of, a great number of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a vast corpus of.

* un gran repertorio de = an arsenal of, an armoury of [armory].

* un gran volumen de = a vast corpus of.

* venirle Algo grande a Alguien = get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.

* WAN (red de gran alcance) = WAN (wide area network).

* * *
I
adjetivo [ gran is used before singular nouns]

1)

a) ( en dimensiones) large, big; <boca/nariz> big

un tipo grande — a big guy

b) ( en demasía) too big

me queda or me está grande — it's too big for me

quedarle grande a alguien — puesto/responsabilidad to be too much for somebody

2) ( alto) tall

qué grande está Andrés! — isn't Andrés tall!

3) (Geog)

el Gran Santiago — Greater Santiago

4) ( en edad)

los más grandes pueden ir solos — the older o bigger ones can go on their own

cuando sea grande — when I grow up

ya son grandes — they are all grown up now

5) (delante del n)

a) (notable, excelente) great

un gran hombre/vino — a great man/wine

b) ( poderoso) big

los grandes bancos — the big banks

los grandes señores feudales — the great feudal lords

a lo grande — in style

6)

a) (en intensidad, grado) great

me causó una gran pena — it caused me great sadness

un día de gran calor — a very hot day

me llevé un susto más grande...! — I got such a fright!

una gran explosión — a powerful explosion

es un gran honor — it is a great honor

una temporada de gran éxito — a very o a highly successful season

son grandes amigos — they're great friends

b) ( uso enfático)

eso es una gran verdad — that is absolutely true

eres un grandísimo sinvergüenza — you're a real swine (colloq)

qué mentira más grande! — that's a complete lie!

7)

a) ( en número) < familia> large, big; < clase> big

la gran parte or mayoría de los votantes — the great o vast majority of the voters

b) ( elevado)

a gran velocidad — at high o great speed

volar a gran altura — to fly at a great height

un edificio de gran altura — a very tall building

un gran número de personas — a large number of people

objetos de gran valor — objects of great value

en grande: lo pasamos en grande — we had a great time (colloq)

•

- grandes almacenes

- gran danés

- Gran Guerra

- gran ópera

- Gran Premio

- gran público
II
masculino, femenino

1) (de la industria, el comercio) big o leading name

2)

a) ( mayor)

quiero ir con los grandes — I want to go with the big boys/girls

la grande ya está casada — their eldest (daughter) is already married

b) ( adulto)

los grandes — the grown-ups

•

- Grande de España

* * *

= vast [vaster -comp., vastest -sup.], big [bigger -comp., biggest -sup.], bulky, considerable, deep [deeper -comp., deepest -sup.], extensive, great [greater -comp., greatest -sup.], heavy [heavier -comp., heaviest -sup.], high [higher -comp., highest -sup.], huge, large [larger -comp., largest -sup.], large scale [large-scale], tremendous, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], goodly [goodlier -comp., goodliest -sup.], abysmal, heavyweight [heavy weight], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], of the highest order.

Ex: If you add to this other access points, such as collections housed in old people's homes or day centres, prisons, hospitals, youth clubs, playgroups etc the coverage is vast.

Ex: Fiction is a big item for children and also just for ordinary public library users.

Ex: Like all enumerative schedules, the LC schedules are bulky, extending to some 8000 pages.

Ex: The need to become familiar with different command languages for different hosts is a considerable barrier to effective retrieval.

Ex: The world's largest processing department's plans and policies are always of deep interest.

Ex: The minutely detailed classification is of the type appropriate to an extensive collection.

Ex: Clearly, great variations can be expected between different indexing languages for different databases.

Ex: In fact, the area was well served by a very good neighbourhood advice centre which had a heavy workload of advice and information-giving.

Ex: Lower specificity will be associated with lower precision but high recall.

Ex: A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.

Ex: Serial searching for a string of characters is usually performed on a small subset of a large file.

Ex: It is in the development of such large-scale services that problems are seen most acutely.

Ex: There has been tremendous growth in libraries since then, but, fundamentally, it has been possible to build on the foundation that nineteenth-century heroes constructed.

Ex: The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.

Ex: However, we must not forget the book which the critics acclaim and which also sells in goodly numbers.

Ex: The major problem encountered in encouraging young adults to use public libraries is the abysmal lack of specialist young adult librarians = El principal problema que se encuentra para es incentivar a los jóvenes a usar las bibliotecas públicas es la enorme falta de bibliotecarios especialistas en temas relacionados con los adolescentes.

Ex: Heavyweight information technology firms such as IBM are appearing in the market and challenging traditional players.

Ex: In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.

Ex: I've got to tell you, and I do say this affectionately, but we're talking about a geek of the highest order.

* a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.

* a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.

* a gran velocidad = at great speed.

* a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.

* armar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.

* a un gran coste = at (a) great expense.

* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.

* bastante grande = largish.

* calabacín grande = marrow, marrow squash.

* causar una gran sensación = make + a splash.

* causar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.

* causar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons, make + a splash.

* celebrar a lo grande = make + a song and dance about.

* con gran capacidad = capacious.

* con gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* con gran densidad de población = densely populated.

* con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.

* con gran esplendor = grandly.

* con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.

* con gran motivación = highly-motivated.

* con gran sentimiento = earnestly.

* conseguir en gran medida + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.

* contribuir en gran medida a + Infinitivo = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio, go far in + Gerundio, go far towards + Gerundio.

* con una gran cultura = well-read.

* con una gran diferencia = by a huge margin.

* con una gran tradición = long-standing.

* con un gran número de lectores = widely-read.

* con un gran suspiro = with a deep sigh.

* convertirse en un gran problema = grow to + a crisis.

* correr un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.

* crear con gran destreza = craft.

* dar un gran paso adelante = reach + milestone.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* demasiado grande = oversized.

* describir a grandes rasgos = paint + a broad picture.

* desplazarse grandes distancias = travel + long distances.

* ejercer una gran influencia en = play + a strong hand in.

* el gran hermano = big brother.

* el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

* empresa de grandes derroches = high roller.

* en gran cantidad = prodigiously.

* en grandes cantidades = en masse, in good number, in bulk.

* en grandes números = in record numbers, in record numbers.

* en gran formato = oversize, oversized.

* en gran medida = by and large, extensively, greatly, heavily, largely, to a considerable extent, to a high degree, to a large extent, tremendously, vastly, very much, to a great extent, in no small way, to any great degree, in many ways, in large part, in large measure, in no small measure, to a large degree, to a great degree.

* en gran número = numerously.

* en gran parte = largely, in large part, in large measure, for the most part, to a great extent, to a great degree.

* en un gran aprieto = in dire straits.

* en un gran apuro = in dire straits.

* esperar una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.

* expresión típica de Gran Bretaña = Briticism.

* extra grande = extra-large.

* gestión de grandes extensiones para la cría de ganado = range management.

* gran altura = high altitude.

* gran aumento = heavy increase.

* gran bebedor = heavy drinker.

* gran belleza = scenic beauty.

* Gran Bretaña = Britain, Great Britain.

* gran calidad = high standard.

* gran cantidad de = large crop of, mass of.

* gran categoría = high standard.

* gran cosa = big deal.

* gran danés = Great Dane.

* Gran Depresión, la = Depression, the, Great Depression, the.

* grandes almacenes = department store.

* grandes cantidades de = storerooms of, huge numbers of, huge numbers of, great numbers of.

* grandes escritores, los = great imaginative writers, the.

* grandes robles nacen de pequeñas bellotas = great oaks from little acorns grow.

* grandes sumas de dinero = vast sums of money.

* grande superficie = shopping mall, shopping complex, shopping centre.

* grandes y pequeños = great and small.

* grande y tenebroso = cavernous.

* gran ducado = grand-duchy.

* gran espectáculo = extravaganza.

* gran extensión de tierra dedicada a la cría de animales de pasto = rangeland.

* gran grupo = constellation.

* gran mentira = big fat lie.

* gran nivel = high standard.

* gran número de = great numbers of.

* gran pantalla de televisión = large-screen television.

* gran parte = much.

* gran parte de = much of.

* gran peso = heavy weight.

* gran placer = great pleasure.

* gran potencia = great power.

* gran salto adelante = giant leap, great leap forward.

* gran tiburón blanco = great white shark.

* gran titular = headline banner.

* hacer grandes esfuerzos por = take + (great) pains to.

* hacer grandes progresos = make + great strides.

* hacer un gran esfuerzo = go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo.

* hacer un gran negocio = make + a killing.

* IGE (Integración a Gran Escala) = LSI (Large Scale Integration).

* influir en gran medida = become + a force.

* jaula grande para pájaros = aviary.

* jugador de grandes apuestas = high roller.

* la Gran Manzana = the Big Apple.

* la gran mayoría de = the vast majority of, the bulk of.

* levantar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.

* llevarse una (gran) sorpresa = be in for a (big) surprise.

* lo suficientemente grande = large enough, big enough.

* más grande = greater.

* muy grande = big time.

* Nombre + a gran escala = broad scale + Nombre.

* no ser gran cosa = not add up to much, add up to + nothing.

* no ser una gran pérdida = be no great loss.

* no significar gran cosa = not add up to much.

* no suponer gran cosa = not add up to much.

* no valer gran cosa = be no great shakes.

* pago único y bien grande = fat lump sum.

* para + Posesivo + gran sorpresa = much to + Posesivo + surprise.

* pasarlo a lo grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.

* pasarlo en grande = have + a ball, have + a whale of a time.

* pasárselo en grande = enjoy + every minute of, love + every minute of it.

* Pedro el Grande = Peter the Great.

* pensar a lo grande = think + big.

* Pie Grande = Bigfoot, Sasquatch.

* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.

* producir con gran destreza = craft.

* provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.

* provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.

* que le presta gran importancia a la cultura = culture-conscious.

* recorrer grandes distancias = travel + long distances.

* revista que tiene una gran demanda popular = mass-market journal.

* ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.

* ser de gran beneficio para = be of great benefit to.

* ser una gran ayuda = be a tower of strength.

* ser un gran alivio = be a welcome relief.

* ser un gran apoyo = be a tower of strength.

* ser un gran avance = be half the battle.

* ser un gran paso adelante = be half the battle.

* taza grande = mug.

* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.

* tener gran éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.

* tener gran importancia = be of high significance.

* tener gran repercusión = be far reaching.

* tener una gran tradición = have + a long ancestry.

* tener un gran impacto = have + a big impact.

* tomar un gran riesgo = play (for) + high stakes.

* una gran cantidad de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a large degree of, a mass of, a plethora of, a supply of, a vast amount of, a city of, a wealth of, a sea of, a cascade of, an army of, a good many, a huge number of, a great number of, a multitude of, scores of, a host of, a vast corpus of, a whole host of.

* una gran cantidad y variedad de = a wealth and breadth of.

* una gran diversidad de = a wide range of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of.

* una gran experiencia = a wealth of experience.

* una gran extensión de = a sea of.

* una gran gama de = a wide range of, a rich tapestry of, a wide band of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.

* una gran mayoría de = a large proportion of.

* una gran parte de = a broad population of, a lion's share of.

* una gran pérdida = a great loss.

* una gran proporción de = a large proportion of.

* una gran variedad de = a wide range of, a multiplicity of, a rich tapestry of, a plurality of, a broad variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.

* un gran espectro de = a wide band of.

* un gran número de = a good deal of, a great deal of, a plethora of, a wide range of, a full roster of, a fair number of, a great number of, a broad variety of, a wide variety of, a broad range of, a vast corpus of.

* un gran repertorio de = an arsenal of, an armoury of [armory].

* un gran volumen de = a vast corpus of.

* venirle Algo grande a Alguien = get + too big for + Posesivo + breeches.

* WAN (red de gran alcance) = WAN (wide area network).

* * *

grande¹

adjective

[ gran is used before singular nouns]

A

1 (en dimensiones) large, big

se mudaron a una casa más grande they moved to a larger o bigger house

sus grandes ojos negros her big dark eyes

un tipo grande, ancho de hombros a big, broad-shouldered guy

una chica grandota, fortachona ( fam); a big, strong girl, a strapping lass ( BrE colloq)

tiene la boca/nariz grande she has a big mouth/nose

abra la boca más grande open wider

2 (en demasía) too big

¿esto será grande para Daniel? do you think this is too big for Daniel?

estos zapatos me quedan or me están grandes these shoes are too big for me

quedarle or ( Esp) venirle grande a algn «puesto/responsabilidad» to be too much for sb

B (alto) tall

¡qué grande está Andrés! isn't Andrés tall!, hasn't Andrés gotten* tall!

C ( Geog):

el Gran Buenos Aires/Bilbao Greater Buenos Aires/Bilbao

D

1

( esp AmL) ‹niño/chico› (en edad): los más grandes pueden ir solos the older o bigger ones can go on their own

ya eres grande y puedes comer solito you're a big boy now and you can feed yourself

cuando sea grande quiero ser bailarina when I grow up I want to be a ballet dancer

mis hijos ya son grandes my children are all grown up now

2

( Arg) (maduro, mayor): es una mujer grande she isn't a young woman o she's a mature woman

está saliendo con un tipo grande she's going out with an older guy

E ( delante del n)

1 (notable, excelente) great

un gran hombre/artista/vino a great man/artist/wine

la gran dama del teatro the grande dame of the theater

2 (poderoso) big

los grandes bancos/industriales the big banks/industrialists

los grandes señores feudales the great feudal lords

a lo grande in style

3

(en importancia): son grandes amigos they're great friends

grandes fumadores heavy smokers

F ( fam)

(increíble): ¡qué cosa más grande! ¡ya te he dicho 20 veces que no lo sé! this is unbelievable! I've told you 20 times already that I don't know!

¿no es grande que ahora me echen la culpa a mí? ( iró); and now they blame me; great, isn't it? ( iro)

G

1 (en intensidad, grado) great

me causó una gran pena it caused me great sadness

me has dado una gran alegría you have made me very happy

comió con gran apetito she ate hungrily o heartily

un día de gran calor a very hot day

los grandes fríos del 47 the great o big freeze of '47

me llevé un susto más grande … I got such a fright

para mi gran vergüenza to my great embarrassment

se produjo una gran explosión there was a powerful explosion

es un gran honor para mí it is a great honor* for me

ha sido una temporada de gran éxito it has been a very o a highly successful season

no corre gran prisa it is not very urgent

las paredes tienen gran necesidad de una mano de pintura the walls are very much in need of a coat of paint

2

(uso enfático): eso es una gran verdad that is absolutely o very true

eres un grandísimo sinvergüenza you're a real swine ( colloq)

ésa es la mentira más grande que he oído that's the biggest lie I've ever heard

¡qué gran novedad! ( iró); you don't say! o what a surprise! ( iro)

H

1 (en número) ‹familia› large, big; ‹clase› big

la gran mayoría de los votantes the great o vast majority of the voters

dedican gran parte de su tiempo a la investigación they devote much of o a great deal of their time to research

esto se debe en gran parte a que … this is largely due to the fact that …

2

(elevado): a gran velocidad at high o great speed

volar a gran altura to fly at a great height

un edificio de gran altura a very tall building

un gran número de personas a large number of people

objetos de gran valor objects of great value

en grande: lo pasamos or nos divertimos en grande we had a great time ( colloq)

Compuestos:

● gran angular

masculine wide-angle lens

● gran capital

masculine:

el gran capital big business

● gran danés

masculine Great Dane

● Gran Depresión

feminine:

la Gran Depresión the Great Depression

● gran explosión

( Astron): la gran explosión the Big Bang

● Gran Guerra

feminine:

la Gran Guerra the Great War

● gran hermano

masculine Big Brother

el gran hermano te observa or te vigila Big Brother is watching you

● Gran Maestre

masculine Grand Master

● gran maestro

masculine grand master

● gran maestro internacional

masculine international grand master

● gran ópera

feminine grand opera

● Gran Premio

masculine Grand Prix

● gran público

masculine:

el gran público the general public

● gran reserva

feminine gran reserva (↑ grana a1)

● gran simpático

masculine ( Anat):

el gran simpático the sympathetic nervous system

● gran superficie

feminine ( Esp) large supermarket, hypermarket ( BrE)

● grandes almacenes

mpl department store

grande²

masculine, feminine

A (de la industria, el comercio) big o leading name, leading player

uno de los tres grandes de la industria automovilística one of the big three names o one of the big three in the car industry

B ( esp AmL)

1

(mayor): quiero ir con los grandes I want to go with the big boys/girls

la grande ya está casada their eldest (daughter) is already married

2 (adulto) grown-up

Compuesto:

Grande de España

(Spanish) grandee o nobleman

grande³

feminine

( RPl)

la grande the big prize, the jackpot

sacarse la grande (literal) to win the big prize o the jackpot

se sacó la grande con ese marido she hit the jackpot with that husband

* * *

grande adjetivo
◊ gran is used before singular nouns

1
a) ( en dimensiones) ‹casa/área/nariz› big, large;

◊ un tipo grande a big guy;

unos grande almacenes a department store
b) ( en demasía) too big;

◊ me queda grande it's too big for me

c) ( en número) ‹ familia› large, big;

‹ clase› big;
la gran parte or mayoría the great majority
2
a) ( alto) tall;

◊ ¡qué grande está Andrés! isn't Andrés tall!

b) ( en edad):

◊ cuando sea grande when I grow up;

ya son grandes they are all grown up now
3 (Geog):
◊ el Ggrande Santiago Greater Santiago

4 ( delante del n)
a) (notable, excelente) great;

◊ un gran hombre a great man

b) ( poderoso) big;

◊ los grandes bancos the big banks;

a lo grande in style
5
a) (en intensidad, grado) ‹pena/honor/ventaja› great;

‹ explosión› powerful;
◊ ¡me llevé un susto más grande … ! I got such a fright!;

una temporada de gran éxito a very o a highly successful season;
son grandes amigos they're great friends;
eso es una gran verdad that is absolutely true;
¡qué mentira más grande! that's a complete lie!
b) ( elevado):

◊ a gran velocidad at high o great speed;

volar a gran altura to fly at a great height;
un gran número de personas a large number of people;
objetos de gran valor objects of great value;
en grande: lo pasamos en grande we had a great time (colloq)
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
a) ( mayor):

◊ la grande ya está casada their eldest (daughter) is already married

b) ( adulto):

◊ los grandes the grown-ups

grande adjetivo
1 (tamaño) big, large
grandes almacenes, department stores
2 (cantidad) large
3 fig (fuerte, intenso) great: es un gran músico, he is a great musician
♦ Locuciones: a lo grande, in style
figurado pasarlo en grande, to have a great time
' grande' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abarcar
- alfombra
- ampliar
- ampliación
- armatoste
- así
- bastante
- bestial
- bloque
- buena
- bueno
- cabezón
- cabezona
- cabezudo
- cajón
- calabacín
- campeonato
- cantidad
- canto
- ciudad
- colosal
- consideración
- fenomenal
- formidable
- gran
- hermosa
- hermoso
- incalculable
- ingeniosa
- ingenioso
- mía
- mío
- monstruosa
- monstruoso
- monumental
- nuestra
- nuestro
- pila
- puerta
- quedar
- señor
- suficientemente
- suma
- sumo
- terraza
- tirada
- tremenda
- tremendo
- venir
- bailar
English:
abnormally
- above
- ample
- army
- awful
- bag
- baggy
- bay
- big
- boat
- border
- box
- breaker
- brush
- bulk
- carve
- cauldron
- cushion
- deposit
- enough
- extend
- grand
- great
- grow
- hers
- in
- integrate
- large
- lion
- manufacturer
- marrow
- mighty
- mine
- outrank
- overgrown
- paving stone
- place
- roller
- set on
- set upon
- slight
- spanking
- style
- tablespoonful
- tea urn
- temptation
- terrific
- time
- to
- tub

* * *

grande gran is used instead of grande before singular nouns (e.g. gran hombre great man).

♦ adj

1. [de tamaño] big, large;

este traje me está o [m5] me queda grande this suit is too big for me;

el gran Buenos Aires/Santiago greater Buenos Aires/Santiago, the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires/Santiago;
Fig
el cargo le viene grande he's not up to the job;
Fam
pagó con un billete de los grandes he paid with a large note

Comp
grandes almacenes department store; Fot gran angular wide-angle lens;
la Gran Barrera de Coral the Great Barrier Reef;

Gran Bretaña Great Britain;

el Gran Cañón (del Colorado) the Grand Canyon;

gran danés Great Dane;
Hist la Gran Depresión the Great Depression;
gran ducado grand duchy;

la Gran Explosión the Big Bang;

la Gran Guerra the Great War;

los Grandes Lagos the Great Lakes;

gran maestro [en ajedrez] grand master;
Hist Gran Mogol Mogul;
la Gran Muralla (China) the Great Wall (of China);
Dep Gran Premio Grand Prix; Hist el Gran Salto Adelante the Great Leap Forward;
gran simio antropoide great ape;

gran slam [en tenis] grand slam;
Esp Com gran superficie hypermarket
2. [de altura] tall;

¡qué grande está tu hermano! your brother's really grown!

3. [en importancia] great;

una gran mujer a great woman;

los grandes bancos the major banks;

la gran mayoría está a favor del proyecto the great o overwhelming majority are in favour of the project;

el éxito se debe en gran parte a su esfuerzo the success is largely due to her efforts, the success is in no small measure due to her efforts

4. [en intensidad] great;

es un gran mentiroso he's a real liar;

¡qué alegría más grande! what joy!

5. Fam [adulto]
cuando sea grande quiere ser doctora she wants to be a doctor when she grows up;

me dijeron que todavía no soy grande como para salir solo they told me I'm not big enough to go out on my own yet

6. Méx, RP [de edad]
cuando se casó ya era grande she was already quite old when she got married;

siempre se llevó bien con gente más grande he always got on well with older people

7. RP Fam [fantástico] fantastic, Br brilliant

8. RP Irónico [genial] great;

ayer le hice un favor y hoy me vuelve la espalda, ¡grande! great! I did him a favour and now he doesn't want to know!

9. Comp
Fam
hacer algo a lo grande to do sth in a big way o in style;

vivir a lo grande to live in style;

pasarlo en grande to have a great time

♦ nm

1. [noble] grandee

Comp
Grande de España = one of highest-ranking members of Spanish nobility
2. [persona, entidad importante]
uno de los grandes del sector one of the major players in the sector;

los tres grandes de la liga the big three in the league;

uno de los grandes de la literatura mexicana one of the big names in Mexican literature

3. Fam
grandes [adultos] grown-ups

♦ nf
RP [en lotería] first prize, jackpot;
sacarse la grande [en lotería] to win first prize o the jackpot;

se sacó la grande con ese trabajo [tuvo buena suerte] she hit the jackpot with that job;

con esa nuera que tiene le tocó la grande [tuvo mala suerte] you've got to feel sorry for her having a daughter-in-law like that

♦ interj
RP Fam [fantástico] great!
* * *

grande

I adj

1 big, large;

el vestido me está o

me viene grande the jacket is too big for me;

el cargo le viene grande the job is too much for him

2

:

a lo grande in style;

pasarlo en grande have a great time

II m/f

1 L.Am. ( adulto) grown-up, adult;

grandes y pequeños young and old

2 ( mayor) eldest

* * *

grande adj, ( gran before singular nouns)

1) : large, big

un libro grande: a big book

2) alto: tall

3) notable: great

un gran autor: a great writer

4) (indicating intensity) : great

con gran placer: with great pleasure

5) : old, grown-up

hijos grandes: grown children

* * *

grande adj

1. (tamaño) big [comp. bigger; superl. biggest]

¿es muy grande el jardín? is the garden very big?

se mudaron a un piso más grande they moved to a bigger flat

2. (número, cantidad) large

una gran cantidad de dinero a large sum of money

3. (importante) great

un gran arquitecto a great architect

hoy es un gran día today is a great day

a lo grande in style

pasarlo en grande to have a great time

grandes almacenes department store

Spanish-English dictionary > grande
7 tregligr

a. slow, reluctant (Þ. var heldr tregligr í fyrstu);

it tregligasta, with the greatest difficulty.

* * *

adj.; it tregligasta, with the greatest difficulty, Fb. i. 260; var Þorgils heldr tregligr í fyrstu, Sturl. iii. 222.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > tregligr
8 Mühe

Mü·he <-, -n> [ʼmy:ə] f

trouble;

sich dat alle erdenkliche \Mühe geben to make every [imaginable] effort, to go to the greatest lengths [possible];

[für jdn] eine geringe \Mühe sein to be no bother [for sb];

[für jdn] eine große \Mühe sein to be a lot of trouble [or ( fam) a big deal] [for sb];

verlorene \Mühe sein to be a waste of effort [or time];

der \Mühe wert gen sein [o lohnen] to be worth the trouble [or effort] [or it];

sich dat [große] \Mühe geben [o machen] [, etw zu tun] to take [great] pains [or make a[n] [great] [or the] effort] [to do sth];

sich dat keine \Mühe geben [o machen] [, etw zu tun] to make no effort [to do sth];

Sie brauchen sich keine \Mühe zu geben, mich vom Gegenteil zu überzeugen! there's no point trying to convince me otherwise!;

er hat sich gar nicht erst \Mühe gegeben, es zu verleugnen he didn't even bother trying to deny it;

geben Sie sich keine \Mühe, ich weiß bereits alles! save your breath, I already know everything;

\Mühe haben, etw zu tun to have trouble [or difficulty] doing [or find it difficult to do] sth;

mit jdm seine \Mühe haben to have [a lot of] trouble [or a hard time] with sb;

[jdn] [einige/viel] \Mühe kosten to be [quite/very] hard work [or quite an effort/a real effort] [for sb];

etw lohnt die \Mühe sth is worth the trouble [or effort] [or it];

die \Mühe lohnt sich it is worth the trouble [or effort] [or it];

[jdm] \Mühe machen to give [sb] [some] trouble;

sich dat die \Mühe machen, etw zu tun to take [or go to] the trouble [or make the effort] to do sth;

machen Sie sich keine \Mühe! [please] don't go to any trouble!;

sich dat die \Mühe schenken [o sparen] to save oneself the trouble;

mit \Mühe verbunden sein to take a lot of effort;

viel/ einige/ziemliche \Mühe auf etw verwenden akk to put a lot/a fair amount/quite a lot of effort into sth;

[nur] mit \Mühe with [great] difficulty;

ohne \Mühe without any trouble;

nicht ohne \Mühe erledigten wir die Aufgabe not without difficulty [or trouble] did we complete the task;

ich könnte dir ohne \Mühe drei solche Typen nennen I could name you three people off the top of my head;

mit \Mühe und Not ( fam) only just

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Mühe
9 güç

1. difficult, hard. 2. with difficulty. 3. difficulty. - beğenen hard to please, particular, exacting, fussy, fastidious. - gelmek /a/ to seem difficult to (someone). -üne gitmek /ın/ (for something) to hurt, offend. -ü gücüne/- halle just, barely, just barely, hardly, with the greatest difficulty. -e sarmak to get hard (to do), become difficult.

Saja Türkçe - İngilizce Sözlük > güç
10 קשי

קְשִׁיm. (b. h.) = קוֹשִׁי, hardness, stiffness; difficulty. Tanḥ. Shlaḥ ed. Bub., supplement 14 אל תבט בק׳ ערפם look not at their stiffneckedness; Num. R. s. 16 end בקשה (corr. acc.).Pl. קְשָׁיִין. Sifré Deut. 305 אין חבר נקנה אלא בקשי ק׳ a friend can be acquired only with the greatest difficulty.

Jewish literature > קשי
11 קְשִׁי

קְשִׁיm. (b. h.) = קוֹשִׁי, hardness, stiffness; difficulty. Tanḥ. Shlaḥ ed. Bub., supplement 14 אל תבט בק׳ ערפם look not at their stiffneckedness; Num. R. s. 16 end בקשה (corr. acc.).Pl. קְשָׁיִין. Sifré Deut. 305 אין חבר נקנה אלא בקשי ק׳ a friend can be acquired only with the greatest difficulty.

Jewish literature > קְשִׁי
12 bin

"thousand. -de per thousand. binlerce/-lerle thousands of. - bela ile with the greatest difficulty. - bir a great many, all kinds of. -de bir scarcely, very rarely. -i bir paraya abundant, very many. - can ile with heart and soul. - dereden su getirmek to make all sorts of excuses. - kat manifold; much. - pişman olmak to be very sorry, regret greatly. - renge girmek to use a thousand subterfuges. - tarakta bezi olmak /ın/ to have many projects going at once. - yaşa! May you live a thousand years!/Long life to you! "

Saja Türkçe - İngilizce Sözlük > bin
13 gücün

1. just, barely, just barely, hardly, with the greatest difficulty. 2. by force, forcibly.

Saja Türkçe - İngilizce Sözlük > gücün
14 groß

big; tall; great; large; grand; heavyset

* * *
[groːs]
1. ADJEKTIV
comp ordm;er ['grøːsɐ] superl ordm;te(r, s) ['grøːstə]
1) big; Fläche, Raum, Haus, Hände big, large; Höhe, Breite great; Größe, Tube, Dose, Packung etc large; (TYP ) Buchstabe capital

ein ganz großes Haus/Buch — a great big house/book

der große ( Uhr)zeiger — the big or minute hand

x ist größer als 10 (Math) — x is greater than 10

die Wiese ist 10 Hektar groß — the field measures 10 hectares

ein 2 Hektar großes Grundstück — a 2-hectare plot of land

ein Loch größer machen — to make a hole bigger

ein großes Bier, ein Großes (inf) — ≈ a pint (of beer) (Brit), a large beer

großes Geld — notes pl (Brit), bills pl (US)

ich habe nur großes Geld — I haven't got any change on me

die große Masse (fig) — the vast majority

im Großen und Ganzen (gesehen) — by and large

im Großen einkaufen — to buy in bulk or quantity

2) = hoch, hochgewachsen tall

ein großer Mann — a tall man

wie groß bist du? — how tall are you?

er ist 1,80 Meter groß — he's one metre (Brit) or meter (US) eighty (tall)

du bist groß geworden — you've grown

3) = älter Bruder, Schwester big

unsere Große — our eldest or oldest (daughter); (von zweien) our elder daughter

unser Großer — our eldest or oldest ( son); (von zweien) our elder son

Groß und Klein — young and old (alike)

mit etw groß geworden sein — to have grown up with sth

zu groß für etw sein — to be too big for sth

er ist ein großes Kind — he's a big or a great big (inf) baby

4) zeitlich Verzögerung, Rede big, long

die große Pause (Sch) — the long or lunch break

die großen Ferien — the summer holidays (Brit) or holiday (US)

5) = beträchtlich, wichtig, bedeutend great; Erfolg, Enttäuschung, Hoffnung, Eile great, big; Gewinn, Ereignis big; Katastrophe, Schreck terrible; Summe large; Geschwindigkeit high

er hat Großes geleistet — he has achieved great things

die größten Erfindungen unseres Jahrhunderts — the greatest inventions of our century

ein großer Dichter wie Goethe — a great poet like Goethe

eine große Dummheit machen — to do something very or really stupid

großen Durst haben — to be very thirsty

er ist kein großer Esser (inf) — he's not a big eater

eine der größeren Firmen — one of the major companies

die großen Fragen unserer Zeit — the great or big questions of our time

das große Ganze — the broader or wider view

große Gefühle — strong feelings

vor meinem Haus war or herrschte ein großer Lärm — there was a lot of noise outside my house

großen Hunger haben — to be very hungry

ich habe große Lust zu verreisen — I'd really like to go away (on holiday (Brit) or vacation (US))

sie hatte große Lust, sich zu verkleiden — she really wanted to get dressed up

ich habe keine große Lust — I don't particularly want to

große Mode sein — to be all the rage (inf)

einen großen Namen haben — to be a big name

die große Nummer (im Zirkus) — the big number, the star turn (esp Brit)

ich bin kein großer Redner (inf) — I'm no great speaker

ich bin kein großer Opernfreund (inf) — I'm not a great opera fan

im größten Regen/Schneesturm — in the middle of a downpour/snowstorm

jds große Stunde — sb's big moment

eine größere Summe — a biggish or largish sum

er ist kein großer Trinker (inf) — he's not a big drinker

große Worte — big words

große Worte machen — to use grand words

6) = großartig, bewundernswert iro great

das ist or finde ich ganz groß (inf) — that's really great (inf)

7) in Eigennamen Great

die Großen Seen — the Great Lakes

der Große Ozean — the Pacific

Karl der Große — Charlemagne

Alfred/Friedrich der Große — Alfred/Frederick the Great

8) MUS

große Sexte — major sixth

2. ADVERB
comp ordm; er, superl am ordm;ten
1)

= nicht klein groß gewachsen — tall

groß gemustert — large-print, with a large print

groß kariert — large-check( ed)

groß machen (baby-talk) — to do number two (baby-talk), to do a poo (Brit baby-talk)

groß daherreden (inf) — to talk big (inf)

See:

→ großschreiben

2)

= in großem Ausmaß groß einkaufen gehen — to go on a spending spree, to splash out (Brit inf)

groß ausgehen — to go out somewhere expensive

groß feiern — to have a big celebration

groß aufgemacht — dressed up to the nines

groß angelegt — large-scale

groß und breit (fig inf) — at great length

3)

= besonders jdn groß anblicken — to give sb a hard stare

groß in Mode sein — to be all the rage (inf)

was ist das schon groß? (inf) — big deal! (inf), so what? (inf)

was soll man da schon groß machen/sagen? (inf) — what can you do/say?

er hat sich nicht gerade groß für unsere Belange eingesetzt (inf) — he didn't exactly put up a big fight for us

ich habe mich nie groß um Politik gekümmert (inf) — I've never been a great one for politics (inf)

ich kümmere mich nicht groß darum (inf) — I don't take much notice

ganz groß rauskommen (inf) — to make the big time (inf)

* * *

1) (large in size: a big car.) big

2) (very large, larger etc than average: a great crowd of people at the football match.) great

3) (great in size, amount etc; not small: a large number of people; a large house; a large family; This house is too large for two people.) large

4) (fairly large: His income is quite sizeable, now that he has been promoted.) sizeable

5) ((of people and thin or narrow objects such as buildings or trees) higher than normal: a tall man/tree.) tall

6) ((of people) having a particular height: John is only four feet tall.) tall

7) (great or large: He won by a wide margin.) wide

* * *

groß

<größer, größte>

[ˈgro:s]

I. adj

1. (räumlich ausgedehnt) Gegenstand large, big; Buchstabe big, capital

in \großen/größeren Formaten/Größen in large/larger formats/sizes

2. (hoch aufragend) long

ein \großer Kirchturm/Mast/Turm a high church steeple/pylon/tower

3. (hoch gewachsen) Mensch tall

du bist \groß geworden you've grown

wie \groß bist du? how tall are you?

er ist 1,78 m \groß he is 5 foot 10 [or 1.78m] [tall]

ein \großer Baum/eine \große Vase a tall tree/vase

4. (zeitlich ausgedehnt) Pause, Zeitraum long; Rede a. lengthy

auf \große[r] Fahrt on a long journey

die \großen Ferien the summer holidays BRIT, the summer vacation AM

die \große Pause SCH mid-morning break

5. (älter) big, elder, older

▪ die G\großen pl (die Erwachsenen) the grown-ups; (ältere Kinder) the older children; (fam)

das ist Anita, unsere G\große this is Anita, our eldest

wenn ich \groß bin... when I'm grown up...

mein \großer Bruder/meine \große Schwester my elder brother/my elder sister

mit etw dat \groß geworden sein to have grown up with sth

G\groß und Klein young and old [alike]

6. (mengenmäßig)

im G\großen einkaufen to buy in bulk

die \große Masse most [or the majority] of the people

ein \großer Teil der Bevölkerung a large part of the population

7. (erheblich, beträchtlich) great

was für eine \große Freude! how delightful!

du redest ganz \großen Unsinn you're talking complete rubbish

was ist denn das für ein \großer Lärm auf der Straße? what's all that noise in the street?

macht doch nicht so einen \großen Lärm! don't make so much noise!

\große Angst haben to be terribly afraid [or frightened]

ein \großer Aufstieg a meteoric rise

eine \große Beeinträchtigung a major impairment

ein \großer Betrag a large amount

eine \große Dummheit sheer stupidity

ein \großer Durchbruch/Reinfall a major breakthrough/disaster

eine \große Enttäuschung a great [or deep] [or profound] disappointment

mit \großer Geschwindigkeit at high [or great] speed

\großen Hunger haben to be terribly hungry

\großes Leid great [or deep] [or profound] sorrow

ein \großer Misserfolg an abject [or a dismal] failure

\große Nachfrage a big demand

eine \große Preissteigerung a massive price rise [or increase]

ein \großer Schrecken a nasty fright

\große Schwierigkeiten serious [or real] trouble

\große Wut unbridled fury

\großer Zorn deep [or profound] anger

8. (bedeutend) great

etwas/nichts G\großes something/nothing great

sie hat in ihrem Leben nichts G\großes geleistet she never achieved anything great [or major] in her life, she did not achieve great things in her life

mit diesem Gemälde hat sie etwas G\großes geschaffen she has created something great [or profound] with this painting

ein \großer Konzern/ein \großes Unternehmen a leading [or major] group/company

9. (besonders gut) big

im Meckern ist sie ganz \groß she's quite good at moaning

ich bin kein \großer Esser/Trinker I'm not a big eater/drinker

ich bin kein \großer Redner I'm no [or not a] great speaker

10. (in Eigennamen)

▪ ... der G\große... the Great

Friedrich der G\große Frederick the Great

11. (großes Glas) large, big

ein G\großes [o ein \großes Bier] ≈ a pint [of beer] BRIT, rare a large beer

nach den drei \großen Bier war ich ziemlich angeheitert I felt quite merry fam [or fam tipsy] after three pints [of beer]

12.

▶ im G\großen und Ganzen [gesehen] on the whole, by and large

▶ \großes Geld notes BRIT, bills AM

ich habe nur \großes Geld I haven't any change on me; s.a. klein

II. adv

1. (fam: besonders)

was ist da jetzt schon \groß dabei! big deal! fam

er hat sich aber nicht gerade \groß für uns eingesetzt! he didn't exactly do very much [or put himself out much] for us!

was soll man da schon \groß sagen? you can't really say very much

ich habe mich nie \groß für Politik interessiert I've never been particularly interested in politics

\groß einsteigen to go in for sth in a big way

sie ist ganz \groß in die Politik eingestiegen she's gone into politics in a big way

[mit etw dat] [ganz] \groß rauskommen to have a real success [or big hit] with sth

2. (von weitem Ausmaß)

\groß angelegt large-scale

eine \groß angelegte Offensive a full-scale offensive [or attack

3. MODE

etw größer machen Hosen etc. to let out sth sep

4. (nicht klein)

\groß kariert MODE large-checked attr

5.

▶ \groß und breit (fam) at great length

▶ \groß machen (kindersprache fam) to do number two [or BRIT a pooh] childspeak fam

* * *
1.
größer, größt... Adjektiv

1) big; big, large <house, window, area, room, etc.>; large < pack, size, can, etc.>; great <length, width, height>; tall < person>

große Eier/Kartoffeln — large eggs/potatoes

eine große Terz/Sekunde — (Musik) a major third/second

ein großes Bier, bitte — a pint, please

2) (eine bestimmte Größe aufweisend)

1 m²/2 ha groß — 1 m²/2 ha in area

sie ist 1,75 m groß — she is 1.75 m tall

doppelt/dreimal so groß wie... — twice/three times the size of...

3) (älter) big <brother, sister>

seine größere Schwester — his elder sister

unsere Große/unser Großer — our eldest or oldest daughter/son

4) (erwachsen) grown-up <children, son, daughter>

[mit etwas] groß werden — grow up [with something]

die Großen — (Erwachsene) the grown-ups; (ältere Kinder) the older children

Groß und Klein — old and young [alike]

5) (lange dauernd) long, lengthy <delay, talk, explanation, pause>

die großen Ferien — (Schulw.) the summer holidays or (Amer.) long vacation sing.

die große Pause — (Schulw.) [mid-morning] break

6) (beträchtlich)

große Summen/Kosten — large sums/heavy costs

eine große Auswahl — a wide selection or range

7) (außerordentlich) great <pleasure, pain, hunger, anxiety, hurry, progress, difficulty, mistake, importance>; intense <heat, cold>; high < speed>

mit dem größten Vergnügen — with the greatest of pleasure

großen Hunger haben — be very hungry

ihre/seine große Liebe — her/his great love

8) (gewichtig) great; major < producer, exporter>; great, major < event>

ein großer Augenblick/Tag — a great moment/day

große Worte — grand or fine words

[k]eine große Rolle spielen — [not] play a great or an important part

die Großen [der Welt] — the great figures [of our world]

9) nicht präd. (glanzvoll) grand <celebration, ball, etc.>

die große Dame/den großen Herrn spielen — (iron.) play the fine lady/gentleman

10) (bedeutend) great, major < artist, painter, work>

Katharina die Große — Catherine the Great; s. auch Karl

11) (wesentlich)

die große Linie/der große Zusammenhang — the basic line/the overall context

in großen Zügen od. Umrissen — in broad outline

im Großen [und] Ganzen — by and large; on the whole

12) (geh.): (selbstlos) noble <deed etc.>

ein großes Herz haben — be great-hearted

13) (ugs.): (großspurig)

große Reden schwingen od. (salopp) Töne spucken — talk big (coll.)
2.
adverbial

1)

groß geschrieben werden — (fig. ugs.) be stressed or emphasized

jemanden groß ansehen — stare hard at somebody

groß machen — (Kinderspr.) do number two (child lang.)

groß und breit — at great length

2) (ugs.): (aufwendig)

groß ausgehen — go out for a big celebration

etwas groß feiern — celebrate something in a big way

ein groß angelegtes Projekt — a large-scale project

ein groß angelegter Angriff — a full-scale attack

3) (ugs.): (besonders) greatly; particularly

4) (ugs.): (großartig)

sie steht ganz groß da — she has made it big (coll.) or made the big time (coll.)

* * *

groß; größer, am größten

A. adj

1. big (besonders gefühlsbetont); Haus, Fläche etc: large; Land: vast; Baum, Gebäude etc: (hoch) tall; (riesig) huge; Person: tall;

Großer Bär oder

Wagen ASTRON Great Bear, Ursa Major fachspr;

ein großes Gebäude a big(, tall) building;

der Große Ozean GEOG the Pacific (Ocean);

die Großen Seen GEOG the Great Lakes;

große Zehe big toe;

großer Buchstabe capital letter;

Gut mit großem G good with a capital G;

wir sprechen hier von Geiz mit einem großen G fig, pej we’re talking about meanness with a capital M here;

groß machen/müssen kinderspr do/have to do big jobs

2. an Ausmaß, Intensität, Wert etc: great; Fehler, Lärm, Unterschied etc: auch big; Entfernung: great, long; Geschwindigkeit: high; Hitze, Kälte, Schmerzen etc: intense; Kälte: auch severe; Verlust: heavy; Wissen: extensive, wide; (tief) profound; MUS, Intervall, Terz: major; Angeber, Angsthase, Feigling etc: terrible, dreadful;

(auf) groß stellen (Heizung, Herd etc) set on high, turn up;

großes Bier large one, Br etwa pint, US 16 ouncer;

wir waren zu Hause eine große Familie we were a large family;

große Ferien summer holiday(s), long vacation;

zu meiner großen Freude to my great joy ( oder pleasure);

großes Geld umg (Scheine) notes pl, US bills pl; (viel Geld) a lot of money;

wie komme ich an das große Geld? umg how do I get into the big money?;

großes Glück haben be very lucky;

großen Hunger haben be very hungry; stärker: be starving;

große Mehrheit great majority;

große Pause long (mid-morning) break;

ein Fest im großen Rahmen a celebration on the grand scale;

große Schritte machen make great progress;

zum großen Teil largely, for the most part;

eine große Zahl von a large number of, a great many; → Liebe, Mode etc

3. mit Maßangabe:

wie groß ist er? how tall is he?;

er ist … groß he’s … (tall); das Grundstück

ist 600 m²

groß is 600 metres (US -ers) square;

das Zimmer

ist drei mal fünf Meter groß is five metres (US -ers) square ( oder each way);

gleich groß Personen: the same height, as tall as each other; Flächen, Kleidungsstücke etc: the same size;

so groß wie ein Fußballfeld the size of a football pitch (US soccer field);

unser Umsatz

war dreimal so groß wie der der Konkurrenz was three times that of our rivals

4. (erwachsen) grown-up; (älter) big;

große Schwester big sister;

groß werden Kinder: grow up;

zu groß werden für outgrow sth, get too big for;

er ist nur ein großes Kind he’s just a big baby;

Groß und Klein young and old

5. fig Augenblick, Entdeckung, Erfolg, Tag, Tat etc: great; (bedeutend) major, important; (großartig) grand, magnificent; Pläne, Ziele: great, grand, big; Künstler, Dichter etc: great;

große Politik national (bzw international) politics, the political big time umg;

große Worte big words;

Friedrich der Große Frederick the Great;

Karl der Große Charlemagne;

die große Dame/den großen Herrn spielen iron play the great lady/lord;

große Reden schwingen iron talk big;

Groß und Klein standesmäßig: high and low

6. (allgemein, wesentlich) broad, general;

die große Linie verfolgen follow the main lines, stick to the basic ( oder broad) principles;

den großen Zusammenhang erkennen see the big picture;

im großen Ganzen overall;

in großen Zügen in broad outline

7. umg (gut):

das war ganz groß! that was really great!;

im Rechnen ist sie ganz groß oder

große Klasse she’s really good ( oder she’s brilliant) at arithmetic;

im Angeben/Geldausgeben ist er (ganz) groß iron he’s very good at showing off/spending money;

ich bin kein großer Tänzer etc I’m not much of a dancer etc;

ich bin kein großer Freund von Partys/Suppe I’m not a great one for parties/soup, I’m not particularly fond of parties/soup;

er ist ein großer Schweiger/kein großer Esser he’s not a great talker/eater

8. (edel):

ein großes Herz haben have a noble ( oder generous) heart

9. (aufwändig) Empfang, Fest etc: big, lavish;

in großer Aufmachung Bericht etc: prominently featured, splashed across the page; Person: in full dress;

in großer Garderobe in full dress; → Auge, Bahnhof, Glocke etc, Große¹, größer, größt…

B. adv

1. big;

groß gebaut oder

gewachsen Person: big;

groß gedruckt in large letters ( oder print);

groß gemustert with a large pattern;

groß kariert large-checked;

er sah mich nur groß an he just stared at me;

groß und breit dastehen umg, unübersehbar: stand out; stärker: stick out like a sore thumb; → auch großschreiben, großgebaut etc

2. (aufwändig):

groß angelegt Aktion etc: large-scale, full-scale;

groß ausgehen umg have a real night out;

jemanden/etwas groß herausbringen umg pull out all the stops for sb/sth, give sb/sth a tremendous build-up

3. umg:

groß angeben talk big; um einzuschüchtern: throw one’s weight around ( oder about);

groß auftreten act big;

groß daherreden talk big

4. (edel) denken, handeln etc: nobly

5. (gut):

groß in Form in great form;

beim Publikum groß ankommen be a big hit with the audience;

ganz groß dastehen (Erfolg haben) do brilliantly

6. umg:

er kümmert sich nicht groß darum he doesn’t really bother about it;

was ist schon groß dabei? so what?, US auch (so) what’s the big deal?;

was gibt es da groß zu sagen? what can you say?;

was gibt’s da noch groß zu fragen? is there really anything more we need to ask?;

was kann das schon groß kosten? it can’t be very expensive, can it?;

was war los? -

was soll schon groß gewesen sein? what do you think happened?

* * *
1.
größer, größt... Adjektiv

1) big; big, large <house, window, area, room, etc.>; large <pack, size, can, etc.>; great <length, width, height>; tall < person>

große Eier/Kartoffeln — large eggs/potatoes

eine große Terz/Sekunde — (Musik) a major third/second

ein großes Bier, bitte — a pint, please

2) (eine bestimmte Größe aufweisend)

1 m²/2 ha groß — 1 m²/2 ha in area

sie ist 1,75 m groß — she is 1.75 m tall

doppelt/dreimal so groß wie... — twice/three times the size of...

3) (älter) big <brother, sister>

seine größere Schwester — his elder sister

unsere Große/unser Großer — our eldest or oldest daughter/son

4) (erwachsen) grown-up <children, son, daughter>

[mit etwas] groß werden — grow up [with something]

die Großen — (Erwachsene) the grown-ups; (ältere Kinder) the older children

Groß und Klein — old and young [alike]

5) (lange dauernd) long, lengthy <delay, talk, explanation, pause>

die großen Ferien — (Schulw.) the summer holidays or (Amer.) long vacation sing.

die große Pause — (Schulw.) [mid-morning] break

6) (beträchtlich)

große Summen/Kosten — large sums/heavy costs

eine große Auswahl — a wide selection or range

7) (außerordentlich) great <pleasure, pain, hunger, anxiety, hurry, progress, difficulty, mistake, importance>; intense <heat, cold>; high < speed>

mit dem größten Vergnügen — with the greatest of pleasure

großen Hunger haben — be very hungry

ihre/seine große Liebe — her/his great love

8) (gewichtig) great; major <producer, exporter>; great, major < event>

ein großer Augenblick/Tag — a great moment/day

große Worte — grand or fine words

[k]eine große Rolle spielen — [not] play a great or an important part

die Großen [der Welt] — the great figures [of our world]

9) nicht präd. (glanzvoll) grand <celebration, ball, etc.>

die große Dame/den großen Herrn spielen — (iron.) play the fine lady/gentleman

10) (bedeutend) great, major <artist, painter, work>

Katharina die Große — Catherine the Great; s. auch Karl

11) (wesentlich)

die große Linie/der große Zusammenhang — the basic line/the overall context

in großen Zügen od. Umrissen — in broad outline

im Großen [und] Ganzen — by and large; on the whole

12) (geh.): (selbstlos) noble <deed etc.>

ein großes Herz haben — be great-hearted

13) (ugs.): (großspurig)

große Reden schwingen od. (salopp) Töne spucken — talk big (coll.)
2.
adverbial

1)

groß geschrieben werden — (fig. ugs.) be stressed or emphasized

jemanden groß ansehen — stare hard at somebody

groß machen — (Kinderspr.) do number two (child lang.)

groß und breit — at great length

2) (ugs.): (aufwendig)

groß ausgehen — go out for a big celebration

etwas groß feiern — celebrate something in a big way

ein groß angelegtes Projekt — a large-scale project

ein groß angelegter Angriff — a full-scale attack

3) (ugs.): (besonders) greatly; particularly

4) (ugs.): (großartig)

sie steht ganz groß da — she has made it big (coll.) or made the big time (coll.)

* * *

adj.

ample adj.

big adj.

capital adj.

great adj.

heavyset adj.

large adj.

sizable adj.

tall adj. adv.

largely adv.

sizably adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > groß
15 Stephenson, Robert

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 16 October 1803 Willington Quay, Northumberland, England

d. 12 October 1859 London, England

[br]

English engineer who built the locomotive Rocket and constructed many important early trunk railways.

[br]

Robert Stephenson's father was George Stephenson, who ensured that his son was educated to obtain the theoretical knowledge he lacked himself. In 1821 Robert Stephenson assisted his father in his survey of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway and in 1822 he assisted William James in the first survey of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. He then went to Edinburgh University for six months, and the following year Robert Stephenson \& Co. was named after him as Managing Partner when it was formed by himself, his father and others. The firm was to build stationary engines, locomotives and railway rolling stock; in its early years it also built paper-making machinery and did general engineering.

In 1824, however, Robert Stephenson accepted, perhaps in reaction to an excess of parental control, an invitation by a group of London speculators called the Colombian Mining Association to lead an expedition to South America to use steam power to reopen gold and silver mines. He subsequently visited North America before returning to England in 1827 to rejoin his father as an equal and again take charge of Robert Stephenson \& Co. There he set about altering the design of steam locomotives to improve both their riding and their steam-generating capacity. Lancashire Witch, completed in July 1828, was the first locomotive mounted on steel springs and had twin furnace tubes through the boiler to produce a large heating surface. Later that year Robert Stephenson \& Co. supplied the Stockton \& Darlington Railway with a wagon, mounted for the first time on springs and with outside bearings. It was to be the prototype of the standard British railway wagon. Between April and September 1829 Robert Stephenson built, not without difficulty, a multi-tubular boiler, as suggested by Henry Booth to George Stephenson, and incorporated it into the locomotive Rocket which the three men entered in the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway's Rainhill Trials in October. Rocket, was outstandingly successful and demonstrated that the long-distance steam railway was practicable.

Robert Stephenson continued to develop the locomotive. Northumbrian, built in 1830, had for the first time, a smokebox at the front of the boiler and also the firebox built integrally with the rear of the boiler. Then in Planet, built later the same year, he adopted a layout for the working parts used earlier by steam road-coach pioneer Goldsworthy Gurney, placing the cylinders, for the first time, in a nearly horizontal position beneath the smokebox, with the connecting rods driving a cranked axle. He had evolved the definitive form for the steam locomotive.

Also in 1830, Robert Stephenson surveyed the London \& Birmingham Railway, which was authorized by Act of Parliament in 1833. Stephenson became Engineer for construction of the 112-mile (180 km) railway, probably at that date the greatest task ever undertaken in of civil engineering. In this he was greatly assisted by G.P.Bidder, who as a child prodigy had been known as "The Calculating Boy", and the two men were to be associated in many subsequent projects. On the London \& Birmingham Railway there were long and deep cuttings to be excavated and difficult tunnels to be bored, notoriously at Kilsby. The line was opened in 1838.

In 1837 Stephenson provided facilities for W.F. Cooke to make an experimental electrictelegraph installation at London Euston. The directors of the London \& Birmingham Railway company, however, did not accept his recommendation that they should adopt the electric telegraph and it was left to I.K. Brunel to instigate the first permanent installation, alongside the Great Western Railway. After Cooke formed the Electric Telegraph Company, Stephenson became a shareholder and was Chairman during 1857–8.

Earlier, in the 1830s, Robert Stephenson assisted his father in advising on railways in Belgium and came to be increasingly in demand as a consultant. In 1840, however, he was almost ruined financially as a result of the collapse of the Stanhope \& Tyne Rail Road; in return for acting as Engineer-in-Chief he had unwisely accepted shares, with unlimited liability, instead of a fee.

During the late 1840s Stephenson's greatest achievements were the design and construction of four great bridges, as part of railways for which he was responsible. The High Level Bridge over the Tyne at Newcastle and the Royal Border Bridge over the Tweed at Berwick were the links needed to complete the East Coast Route from London to Scotland. For the Chester \& Holyhead Railway to cross the Menai Strait, a bridge with spans as long-as 460 ft (140 m) was needed: Stephenson designed them as wrought-iron tubes of rectangular cross-section, through which the trains would pass, and eventually joined the spans together into a tube 1,511 ft (460 m) long from shore to shore. Extensive testing was done beforehand by shipbuilder William Fairbairn to prove the method, and as a preliminary it was first used for a 400 ft (122 m) span bridge at Conway.

In 1847 Robert Stephenson was elected MP for Whitby, a position he held until his death, and he was one of the exhibition commissioners for the Great Exhibition of 1851. In the early 1850s he was Engineer-in-Chief for the Norwegian Trunk Railway, the first railway in Norway, and he also built the Alexandria \& Cairo Railway, the first railway in Africa. This included two tubular bridges with the railway running on top of the tubes. The railway was extended to Suez in 1858 and for several years provided a link in the route from Britain to India, until superseded by the Suez Canal, which Stephenson had opposed in Parliament. The greatest of all his tubular bridges was the Victoria Bridge across the River St Lawrence at Montreal: after inspecting the site in 1852 he was appointed Engineer-in-Chief for the bridge, which was 1 1/2 miles (2 km) long and was designed in his London offices. Sadly he, like Brunel, died young from self-imposed overwork, before the bridge was completed in 1859.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

FRS 1849. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1849. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1856. Order of St Olaf (Norway). Order of Leopold (Belgium). Like his father, Robert Stephenson refused a knighthood.

Further Reading

L.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (a good modern biography).

J.C.Jeaffreson, 1864, The Life of Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (the standard nine-teenth-century biography).

M.R.Bailey, 1979, "Robert Stephenson \& Co. 1823–1829", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 50 (provides details of the early products of that company).

J.Kieve, 1973, The Electric Telegraph, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.

See also: Pihl, Carl Abraham; Seguin, Marc

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Stephenson, Robert
16 facilidad

f.

1 ease, easiness.

2 aptitude.

tener facilidad para algo to have a gift for something

tiene facilidad de palabra he's good at expressing himself

dar facilidades a alguien para hacer algo to make it easy for somebody to do something

facilidades de pago easy (payment) terms

3 facility, easiness, ease.

4 opportunity.

* * *

facilidad

► nombre femenino

1 (simplicidad) ease, facility

■ ya puede caminar con gran facilidad he can already walk well

2 (aptitud) talent, gift

■ tiene facilidad para la música he has a gift for music

► nombre femenino plural facilidades

1 (medios que facilitan) facilities

■ nos dieron facilidades de financiación we were given favourable terms

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

facilidad de palabra fluency

'Facilidades de pago' "Easy terms"

* * *

noun f.

ease, facility

* * *

SF

1) (=sencillez) easiness

la aparente facilidad de los ejercicios — the apparent easiness of the exercises

con facilidad — easily

se me rompen las uñas con facilidad — my nails break easily

con la mayor facilidad — with the greatest (of) ease

2) (=habilidad)

tener facilidad para algo — to have a gift for sth

tiene facilidad para las matemáticas — she has a gift for maths, maths comes easy to her

tener facilidad de palabra — to have a way with words

3) pl facilidades (=condiciones favorables)

me dieron todas las facilidades — they gave me every facility

facilidades de pago — credit facilities

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( cualidad de fácil) ease

con facilidad — easily

¿viste con qué facilidad lo hizo? — did you see how easily he did it?

b) ( de una tarea) simplicity

2) ( aptitud)

facilidad para algo — gift for something

tener facilidad para los idiomas/los números — to have a gift for languages/to be good at figures

- facilidad de palabra

3) facilidades femenino plural

a) (posibilidades, oportunidades)

se le dieron todas las facilidades del mundo — they gave her every chance

b) (Fin) facilities (pl)

¿dan facilidades? — do you give credit (facilities)?

•

- facilidades de pago

* * *

= ease, easiness.

Ex. However, the rules numbers which are cited here for ease of reference to AACR2 apply to AACR2 alone.

Ex. With the emerging importance of practicality in this field, easiness in adopting formal technology should be taken into account.

----

* con cierta facilidad = with some ease.

* con demasiada facilidad = all too easily, all too easy.

* con facilidad = without difficulty, fluently, with ease, easily.

* facilidad de acceso = reachability.

* facilidad de alcance = reachability.

* facilidad de búsqueda = scannability, soughtness, searchability, findability.

* facilidad de comunicar = communicability.

* facilidad de consulta = browsability.

* facilidad de instalación = ease of installation.

* facilidad de lectura = ease of reading.

* facilidad de memorizar = memorability.

* facilidad de recordar = memorability.

* facilidad de ser comprendido = understandability.

* facilidad de ser transportado = transportability.

* facilidad de transmitir = communicability.

* facilidad de transporte = transportability.

* facilidad de uso = usability, user-friendliness, ease of use.

* valérselas con facilidad = make + Posesivo + way around.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( cualidad de fácil) ease

con facilidad — easily

¿viste con qué facilidad lo hizo? — did you see how easily he did it?

b) ( de una tarea) simplicity

2) ( aptitud)

facilidad para algo — gift for something

tener facilidad para los idiomas/los números — to have a gift for languages/to be good at figures

- facilidad de palabra

3) facilidades femenino plural

a) (posibilidades, oportunidades)

se le dieron todas las facilidades del mundo — they gave her every chance

b) (Fin) facilities (pl)

¿dan facilidades? — do you give credit (facilities)?

•

- facilidades de pago

* * *

= ease, easiness.

Ex: However, the rules numbers which are cited here for ease of reference to AACR2 apply to AACR2 alone.

Ex: With the emerging importance of practicality in this field, easiness in adopting formal technology should be taken into account.

* con cierta facilidad = with some ease.

* con demasiada facilidad = all too easily, all too easy.

* con facilidad = without difficulty, fluently, with ease, easily.

* facilidad de acceso = reachability.

* facilidad de alcance = reachability.

* facilidad de búsqueda = scannability, soughtness, searchability, findability.

* facilidad de comunicar = communicability.

* facilidad de consulta = browsability.

* facilidad de instalación = ease of installation.

* facilidad de lectura = ease of reading.

* facilidad de memorizar = memorability.

* facilidad de recordar = memorability.

* facilidad de ser comprendido = understandability.

* facilidad de ser transportado = transportability.

* facilidad de transmitir = communicability.

* facilidad de transporte = transportability.

* facilidad de uso = usability, user-friendliness, ease of use.

* valérselas con facilidad = make + Posesivo + way around.

* * *

facilidad

feminine

A

1 (cualidad de fácil) ease

con facilidad easily

se rompe con facilidad it breaks easily

se resfría con facilidad she catches colds easily

¿viste con qué facilidad lo hizo? did you see how easily he did it?

lo saltó con facilidad he jumped it with ease

2 (de una tarea) simplicity

B (aptitud) facilidad PARA algo gift FOR sth

tiene facilidad para los idiomas she has a gift for languages

tiene facilidad para los números she's very good with numbers

Compuesto:

facilidad de palabra

tiene facilidad de palabra he has a way with words

C facilidades fpl

1

(posibilidades, oportunidades): se le dieron todas las facilidades del mundo they gave her every chance

2 (comodidades) facilities (pl)

¿dan facilidades? do you give credit?, do you offer credit facilities? ( frml)

Compuesto:

facilidades de pago

fpl credit facilities (pl)

amplias facilidad de pago easy payment terms

* * *

facilidad sustantivo femenino
1
a) ( cualidad de fácil) ease;

◊ con facilidad easily

b) ( de una tarea) simplicity

2 ( aptitud):
◊ tener facilidad para los idiomas/los números to have a gift for languages/to be good at figures;

tiene facilidad de palabra he has a way with words
3
◊ facilidades sustantivo femenino plural

a) (posibilidades, oportunidades):

◊ se le dieron todas las facilidades they gave her every chance

b) (Fin) tb

◊ facilidades de pago credit facilities (pl)

facilidad sustantivo femenino
1 (simplicidad) easiness
2 (sin esfuerzo) ease: ganó con facilidad, he won easily
3 (don) gift: tiene facilidad de expresión, he has a gift for expression
4 (ayuda para hacer algo) facility
dar facilidades, to make things easy
facilidades de pago, credit terms
' facilidad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abatirse
- sucia
- sucio
- contagiar
- quebradizo
English:
aptitude
- bruise
- colour
- comfortably
- convenience
- crumbly
- distracted
- ease
- facility
- flair
- linguist
- persuade
- tendency
- user-friendliness
- way
- easily
- equally
- good

* * *

facilidad nf

1. [simplicidad] ease, easiness;

destaca por su facilidad de uso it is particularly user-friendly;

con facilidad easily;

se cansa con mucha facilidad she gets tired easily, she tires easily

2. [aptitud] aptitude;

tener facilidad para algo to have a gift for sth;

tiene facilidad de palabra he has a way with words

3. [propensión]
tiene mucha facilidad para el lloro/para enfadarse he cries/gets angry very easily

4. [condiciones especiales]
nos dieron todo tipo de facilidades para realizar el estudio they gave us all sorts of help so we could carry out the study;

me dan muchas facilidades para pagar la casa they're giving me very favourable financial terms to pay for the house

Comp
facilidad de crédito credit facilities;
facilidades de pago easy (payment) terms, credit facilities

* * *

facilidad

f ease;

con facilidad easily;

facilidad de manejo/uso user-friendliness;

tener facilidad para algo have a gift for sth;

tener facilidad de palabra have a way with words

* * *

facilidad nf

1) : facility, ease

2) facilidades nfpl

: facilities, services

3) facilidades nfpl

: opportunities

* * *

facilidad n (habilidad) gift

tiene mucha facilidad para la música she has a gift for music

con facilidad easily

se resolvió el problema con mucha facilidad the problem was very easily solved

facilidades de pago easy terms

Spanish-English dictionary > facilidad
17 sumo

adj.

utmost, utter, very great, highest.

pres.indicat.

1 1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: sumar.

2 1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: sumir.

* * *

sumo

► adjetivo

1 (supremo) supreme, highest

2 figurado (muy grande) greatest

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a lo sumo at most, at the most

con sumo cuidado with extreme care

suma autoridad supreme authority

Sumo Pontífice Sovereign Pontiff

sumo sacerdote high priest

* * *
I
ADJ

1) (=supremo) great, supreme

con suma dificultad — with the greatest o utmost difficulty

con suma indiferencia — with supreme indifference

con suma destreza — with consummate skill

2) [rango] high, highest

sumo sacerdote — high priest

la suma autoridad — the supreme authority

3)

a lo sumo — at (the) most
II
SM (Dep) sumo, sumo wrestling

* * *

- ma adjetivo great

me interesa en grado sumo — I find it extremely interesting

con sumo cuidado — with great o extreme care

a lo sumo — at the most

la suma autoridad — the supreme authority

- Sumo Sacerdote

* * *

= supreme.

Ex. The need for organic, in-depth and timely access to legal information is of supreme importance.

----

* a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.

* con el más sumo cuidado = with utmost care.

* de suma importancia = of the utmost importance.

* en sumo grado = in the extreme.

* en un grado sumo = in the extreme.

* lo sumo = the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* sumo cuidado = extreme caution.

* * *

- ma adjetivo great

me interesa en grado sumo — I find it extremely interesting

con sumo cuidado — with great o extreme care

a lo sumo — at the most

la suma autoridad — the supreme authority

- Sumo Sacerdote

* * *

= supreme.

Ex: The need for organic, in-depth and timely access to legal information is of supreme importance.

* a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.

* con el más sumo cuidado = with utmost care.

* de suma importancia = of the utmost importance.

* en sumo grado = in the extreme.

* en un grado sumo = in the extreme.

* lo sumo = the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.

* sumo cuidado = extreme caution.

* * *

sumo¹ -ma

adjective

great

un detalle de suma importancia a detail of great o of the utmost importance

me interesa en grado sumo I find it extremely interesting

con sumo cuidado with great o extreme o the utmost care

la suma autoridad the highest o supreme authority

a lo sumo at the most

no eran tantos, a lo sumo unos diez there weren't that many, ten at the most

Compuestos:

● Sumo Pontífice

masculine ( frml); Supreme Pontiff ( frml)

● Sumo Sacerdote

masculine high priest

sumo²

masculine

(deporte) sumo wrestling, sumo; (persona) sumo wrestler

* * *

Del verbo sumar: ( conjugate sumar)

sumo es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

sumó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Del verbo sumir: ( conjugate sumir)

sumo es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

Multiple Entries:
sumar
sumir
sumo
sumar ( conjugate sumar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹ cantidades› to add (up)

b) ( totalizar) to add up to;

◊ 8 y 5 suman 13 8 and 5 add up to o make 13

verbo intransitivo
to add up
sumarse verbo pronominal
a) ( agregarse) sumose A algo:

◊ esto se suma a los problemas ya existentes this comes on top of o is in addition to any already existing problems

b) ( adherirse) sumose A algo ‹a protesta/celebración› to join sth

sumir ( conjugate sumir) verbo transitivo
1 ( sumergir) sumo algo/a algn EN algo ‹en tristeza/desesperación› to plunge sth/sb into sth
2 (Col, Méx) ( abollar) to dent, make a dent in
sumirse verbo pronominal
1 ( hundirse) sumose EN algo ‹ en tristeza› to plunge into sth;
‹ en pensamientos› to become lost in sth
2 (Col, Méx) ( abollarse) to get dented
sumo
◊ -ma adjetivo

utmost ( before n);
de suma importancia of the utmost importance;
con sumo cuidado with great o the utmost care;
a lo sumo at the most
sumar verbo transitivo
1 Mat to add (up): seis y dos suman ocho, six and o plus two add up to o make eight
2 (la cuenta, la factura) la factura suma tres mil pesetas, the bill comes to three thousand pesetas
3 (añadir, incorporar) si al terremoto sumas las inundaciones, el desastre fue total, the earthquake, taken in conjunction with the flooding, meant total disaster
¿Cómo se dice 2 + 3 = 5?
Two and three is/equals five.
Two plus three is/equals five.
What's two and three?
sumir verbo transitivo
1 (sumergir) to submerge, sink
2 figurado la noticia le sumió en la tristeza, the news plunged him into sadness
sumo,-a adjetivo
1 (muy grande) extreme: es tóxico, manéjalo con sumo cuidado, it's toxic, handle it with extreme care
de suma importancia, extremely important
2 (máximo en una jerarquía) supreme
♦ Locuciones: a lo sumo, at the most
Rel Sumo Pontífice, the Pope

' sumo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
pontífice
- sacerdote
- suma
- sumarse
- agrado
- grado
English:
consummate
- extreme
- high priest
- utmost
- degree

* * *

sumo¹, -a adj

1. [supremo] highest, supreme

Comp
sumo pontífice supreme pontiff;
sumo sacerdote high priest

2. [gran] extreme, great;

lo aprecio en grado sumo I think extremely highly of him;

con sumo cuidado with extreme o great care;

a lo sumo at most;

tendrá a lo sumo veinte años she can't be more than twenty

sumo² nm
[deporte] sumo (wrestling)
* * *

sumo

adj supreme;

con sumo cuidado with the utmost care;

a lo sumo at the most

* * *

sumo, -ma adj

1) : extreme, great, high

la suma autoridad: the highest authority

2)

a lo sumo : at the most

♦ sumamente adv

Spanish-English dictionary > sumo
18 Philosophy

   1) There Are Ideas That Have Their Own True and Immutable Nature

   And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)

   2) Examine What Is within Our Reach

   Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)

   3) Modern Philosophy Starts with the Cartesian Catastrophe

   As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)

   4) The Rightful Claims of Philosophy

   It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the inﬂuence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic inﬂuences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)

   5) The Philosophy of Philosophy

   Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)

   6) Philosophy Is a Field Which Has Certain Central Questions

   I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)

   7) The Central Task of Philosophy

   What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.

   This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).

   The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....

   Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)

   8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science

   In the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)

   9) The Enduring Value of Philosophy

   Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....

   Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)

    10) The Distinction between Dionysian Man and Apollonian Man, between Art and Creativity and Reason and Self- Control

   In his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy
19 Leichtigkeit

f

1. (Mühelosigkeit) easiness, ease; mit ( größter) Leichtigkeit with (the greatest of) ease, effortlessly; es ist für ihn eine Leichtigkeit it’s no problem (umg. big deal, great shakes) for him; stärker: it’s the easiest thing in the world for him

2. (Leichtheit) lightness

* * *

die Leichtigkeit

(Gewicht) lightness;

(Mühe) easiness; facility; ease; facileness

* * *
Leich|tig|keit ['laiçtɪçkait]
f -,
no pl
1) (= Mühelosigkeit) ease

mit Léíchtigkeit — easily, with no trouble (at all)

2) (= Unbekümmertheit) light-heartedness

* * *

die

1) (freedom from difficulty: He passed his exam with ease.) ease

2) easiness

3) (ease or quickness: She showed great facility in learning languages.) facility

4) lightness

* * *

Leich·tig·keit

<->

f

1. kein pl (Einfachheit) simplicity no pl, no indef art

mit \Leichtigkeit effortlessly, easily

2. (Leichtheit) lightness no pl, no indef art

* * *

die; Leichtigkeit

1) lightness

2) (Mühelosigkeit) ease

mit Leichtigkeit — with ease; easily

* * *

Leichtigkeit f

1. (Mühelosigkeit) easiness, ease;

mit (größter) Leichtigkeit with (the greatest of) ease, effortlessly;

es ist für ihn eine Leichtigkeit it’s no problem (umg big deal, great shakes) for him; stärker: it’s the easiest thing in the world for him

2. (Leichtheit) lightness

* * *

die; Leichtigkeit

1) lightness

2) (Mühelosigkeit) ease

mit Leichtigkeit — with ease; easily

* * *

f.

ease n.

easiness n.

facileness n.

facility n.

lightness n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Leichtigkeit
20 Edison, Thomas Alva

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Automotive engineering, Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Metallurgy, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities, Recording, Telecommunications

[br]

b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA

d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont

[br]

American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.

[br]

He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.

At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.

Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.

He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.

Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.

Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.

Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.

In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.

On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.

Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.

In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.

In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.

In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.

In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.

In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.

Further Reading

M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.

R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.

IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

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